Eggs exposed to 2.45 GHz continuous-wave microwaves (5 mW/cm2; SAR 4 mW/g) during the first 12 days of embryogeny showed small depressions in certain blood cell measures after an acute hemorrhage compared with controls. Reticulocytes were depressed at 24 hr p…
Subesophageal ganglia from Helix aspersa snails exposed in vitro to 2450 MHz microwave radiation (SAR 12.9 mW/g) for 60 minutes at 21°C showed minor changes in Golgi complexes and slight swelling of the endoplasmic reticulum.
Nonthermal 2,450-MHz microwave exposure (1 or 10 mW/cm2) during pregnancy did not produce resorptions or detectable malformations, but fetal body mass at day 19 was significantly lower than sham controls. Thermogenic exposure (40 mW/cm2) increased resorptions…
In albino Wistar rats, autoimmune reactions were reported to be stimulated by microwave exposure at 50 and 500 microW/cm2. The ability to simulate autoimmunity by immunizing intact animals with brain tissue from exposed rats was reported to depend on microwav…
![[Experimental modeling of autoimmune reactions as affected by nonionizing microwave radiation].](/mel/og.php?f=og_6196_1f91a5b1b2.png)
Pulse microwave radiation increased fluorescence intensity of 2,6-TNS and 1,8-ANS incorporated into erythrocyte ghost membranes. With 2,6-TNS, the effect showed frequency dependence with a maximum reported at 55–65 Hz.
![[Effect of pulse electromagnetic radiation on erythrocyte ghosts].](/mel/og.php?f=og_6192_bbcd542dad.png)
After 24 h continuous exposure, both colon cancer cell lines showed significantly increased colony formation in soft agar and increased expression of tumor-associated antigens following combined electric+magnetic field exposure (E+M+) and magnetic-field-only …
Across groups exposed to pulsed microwaves at SARs from 3 mW/kg to 8.55 W/kg (and other described conditions), no bradycardia or tachycardia was observed at constant temperatures. At 200 W/kg, one group showed a sharp slowing of heart rate after 25 minutes co…
Prenatally and perinatally exposed rats weighed more than sham-exposed rats at postnatal day 30 but not at day 100. Perinatally exposed rats showed reduced swimming endurance at postnatal day 30 (and days 30–36 in a second experiment) but not at day 100. Air-…
Rats exposed to 2450 MHz continuous-wave microwave radiation at 10 mW/cm2 for 6 hours (measured SAR 3.7 mW/g) showed no effects on mean arterial blood pressure or colonic temperature. Heart rate was significantly reduced after 1 hour of exposure (about 450 vs…
Air heating significantly decreased residual chemiluminescence (CL) at temperatures above 37°C (reported 74% decrease at 45°C). Microwave exposure (2450 MHz, 91 W/kg, 10 min) inhibited the temperature-associated decline in residual CL above 37°C (reported 40%…
In a refrigerated environment, rats were conditioned to lever-press to produce 6-second microwave pulses. Operant response rates varied directly with microwave intensity, with higher mean responding at a moderate intensity (250 W) and lower responding at the …
Microwave exposure (2450 MHz continuous wave; mean SAR 103.5 ± 4.2 W/kg) produced a significant stimulation versus incubator controls, but a similar stimulation was also observed after sham treatment. There was no significant difference between microwave- and…
Circulating antibody titers in microwave-exposed mice were not significantly different from sham-irradiated mice, and no differences were observed in analyzed hematological parameters under the stated exposure conditions.
Doxorubicin and epirubicin solutions stored at -20°C and thawed either at room temperature or by microwave radiation showed no loss of content after at least 2 weeks (doxorubicin) and 4 weeks (epirubicin). Refreezing and re-thawing doxorubicin five weeks late…
Murine erythroleukemic cell cultures exposed to 1180-MHz microwave radiation for 48 h at 5.5, 11, and 22 mW/cm2 (temperature maintained at 37.4°C) showed similar mean cell doubling time, proportion of benzidine-positive differentiated cells, and hemoglobin co…
Across two studies in rats, the authors report no substantial evidence for regional brain temperature differentials (“hot spots”) after 30-min exposures to 2450 MHz microwaves or elevated ambient air temperature. In one study, no temperature differences betwe…
Human peripheral lymphocytes and lymphoid cell lines exposed to low-level 60-Hz sinusoidal EMF (30 microA/cm2 current density; 1 or 2 gauss magnetic field) showed no statistically significant differences versus controls in SCE frequency, cell cycle progressio…
The paper describes existing radiofrequency (including microwave) electromagnetic radiation safety standards from multiple countries and IRPA/INIRC recommendations. It proposes using 0.4 W/kg as a basic absorbed dose rate value, corresponding to an energy flu…
![[Electromagnetic radiation in the radiofrequency range: radiation safety].](/mel/og.php?f=og_6202_c1381a6cf4.png)
Three experimental series assessed microwave exposures (0.9 GHz at 0.4 mW/cm2 for 10 min; 0.6 GHz at 0.04 mW/cm2 for 5 min; 9.8 GHz at 0.04 mW/cm2 for 5 min) on EEG photostimulation rhythm adoption in rats and avoidance behaviors in mice. The abstract states …
![[Mechanism of the effect of nonionizing radiation on animals at the level of sensory systems].](/mel/og.php?f=og_6201_a1840838c3.png)
The paper describes a developed method (included in BSS 14525-78) for measuring and assessing RF EMF at workplaces, and proposes a mathematical method/algorithm to enable summing and hygienic assessment when multiple sources with different frequencies are pre…
![[Method for summing up the radio-frequency electromagnetic fields emitted by several sources].](/mel/og.php?f=og_5496_b6a0e00554.png)