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#1 in this set
Manual · Eur J Epidemiol · 2007
Harm
Moderate
The INTERPHONE study found a potential increase in glioma risk among heavy mobile phone users defined as more than 1,640 hours of use. The study included over 5,000 cases across 13 countries. Children were excluded from the study population.
#2 in this set
Manual · 2023
Harm
Moderate
The 2023 Danish Cancer Registry report documents a clear and sustained rise in brain and central nervous system tumors, with age-standardized incidence rates increasing substantially from 2004 to 2023 for both men and women. Head and neck cancers show more mo…
#3 in this set
Manual · Environ Res · 2019
Harm
Low
This review reports that several meta-analyses since about 2000 found significant associations between 50-60 Hz magnetic field exposure and childhood leukemia. It states that government or independent studies more often reported significant or elevated risks,…
#4 in this set
Manual · ISEE Conference Abstracts · 2024
Harm
Low
Individuals carrying a cell phone below the waist were four times more likely to develop EOCRC. The risk was highest for ipsilateral carrying, with a 12-fold increase in tumor risk on the same side as the phone for those carrying it on the left side for over …
#5 in this set
Manual · Front Public Health · 2025
Harm
Moderate
The U.S. regulatory framework for RFR exposure is outdated and inadequate, lacking protections for children, vulnerable populations, and wildlife. Current exposure limits focus on short-term high-intensity effects and do not address long-term, low-intensity e…
#6 in this set
Manual · Front Public Health · 2025
Harm
Moderate
The review highlights that current ambient EMF exposures, including from next-generation wireless technologies and satellite deployments, are pervasive and biologically active, disrupting critical biological functions in nonhuman species. Existing exposure st…
#7 in this set
Manual · Environ Res · 2018
Harm
Moderate
Children absorb two- to three-fold higher localized RF radiation doses in brain regions and eyes compared to adults when using cell phones or virtual reality devices. Current regulatory testing methods based on adult models underestimate exposure in children.…
#8 in this set
Manual · Environ Health Perspect. · 2006
Mixed
Moderate
In a systematic review of 59 controlled-exposure experimental studies of low-level radiofrequency radiation, studies funded exclusively by the telecommunications industry were least likely to report at least one statistically significant association between e…
#9 in this set
Manual · Electromagn Biol Med · 2016
Harm
High
The review of over 100 peer-reviewed studies found that 93% confirmed low-intensity radiofrequency radiation induces oxidative effects in living cells, including activation of ROS pathways, DNA oxidative damage, and changes in antioxidant enzymes. Oxidative s…
#10 in this set
Manual · 2022
Harm
High
Analysis of 131 peer-reviewed studies showed that 95% confirmed statistically significant oxidative effects induced by non-thermal RF EMFs, mostly pulsed/modulated by ELF, in various biological systems. Similarly, 92% of 39 studies on purely ELF EMFs revealed…
#11 in this set
Manual · 2025
Harm
Moderate
The review discusses that exposure to polarized, coherent microwaves modulated at extremely low frequencies (ELF) in wireless communication EMFs is linked to health risks including cancer, infertility, electro-hypersensitivity, DNA damage, and oxidative stres…
#12 in this set
Manual · Environ Res · 2018
Harm
Moderate
A statistically significant increase in heart Schwannomas incidence was observed in male rats at the highest exposure (50 V/m). Increases in heart Schwann cells hyperplasia and malignant glial tumors were observed at the highest dose but were not statisticall…
#13 in this set
Manual · 2018
Harm
High
The NTP study found clear evidence of increased malignant heart schwannomas and some evidence of increased brain gliomas in male rats exposed to GSM- and CDMA-modulated cell phone RFR at whole-body SAR levels of 1.5, 3, and 6 W/kg. The lowest dose (1.5 W/kg) …
#14 in this set
Manual · PLoS One · 2024
Harm
Moderate
Rat gliomas and cardiac schwannomas from lifetime RF exposure histologically resemble low-grade human gliomas. About 25% of mutations in rat tumors have homologous alterations in human cancer genes. Rat gliomas were primarily wild-type for IDH1/2 hotspot muta…
#15 in this set
Manual · BMC Pregnancy Childbirth · 2025
Harm
Moderate
Longer cell phone call duration during pregnancy was significantly associated with higher risk of miscarriage, abnormal birth weight, and abnormal infant height. Cordless phone use was also linked to abnormal birth weight. No strong association was found for …
#16 in this set
Manual · Environment International · 2025
Harm
High
The review of 52 animal studies found high certainty evidence that RF-EMF exposure causes malignant heart schwannomas and brain gliomas in male rats. Moderate certainty evidence was found for lymphoma, adrenal pheochromocytomas, liver hepatoblastomas, and lun…
#17 in this set
Manual · Environ Int · 2025
Harm
High
High certainty that RF-EMF exposure in males causes a significant reduction in pregnancy rate when exposed males are mated. Additional findings with low-to-moderate certainty include reduced sperm count, reduced sperm vitality, and increased sperm DNA damage.