Flora and fauna: how nonhuman species interact with natural and man-made EMF at ecosystem levels and public policy recommendations
This review discusses how increasing ambient nonionizing EMF (0–300 GHz), particularly RF from modern wireless technologies and satellites, may affect flora and fauna at ecosystem levels. It states that many nonhuman species rely on electro/magneto-reception and that even low-intensity EMF exposures are capable of disrupting critical biological functions and behaviors. The authors conclude that current exposure standards focus on human health and recommend policy reforms and mitigation measures to protect wildlife and ecosystems.
Key points
- Describes substantial growth in ambient nonionizing EMF exposures over the past six decades, especially in the RF range.
- Highlights 5G/6G and higher-frequency deployments as contributing to pervasive, layered environmental exposures.
- States that low earth orbit satellite deployment makes RF-EMF exposure essentially ubiquitous globally.
- Notes that many nonhuman species use electromagnetic cues for orientation, migration, mating, and foraging.
- Reports that current EMF exposures, even at very low intensities, are capable of disrupting critical biological functions in flora and fauna.
- Argues that existing exposure standards consider only human health and do not address nonhuman species sensitivities.
- Recommends policy actions such as enforcing environmental laws, redesign/mitigation, and EMF-free zones during migration and breeding seasons.
Referenced studies & papers
Relevant papers in OpenMel
Source:
Open original
AI-generated summaries may be incomplete or incorrect. This content is for informational purposes only and is not medical advice.
AI-generated summaries may be incomplete or incorrect. This content is for informational purposes only and is not medical advice.
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