Assessment of biological changes of continuous whole body exposure to static magnetic field and extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields in mice.

Abstract

The question whether static magnetic fields (SMFs) and extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) cause biological effects is of special interest. We investigated the effects of continuous whole body exposure to both fields for 30 days on some liver and blood parameters in mice. Two exposure systems were designed; the first produced a gradient SMF while the second generated uniform 50 Hz ELF-EMF. The results showed a gradual body weight loss when mice were exposed to either field. This is coupled with a significant decrease (P<0.05) in the levels of glucose, total protein and the activity of alkaline phosphatase in serum. A significant increase in lactate dehydrogenase activity was demonstrated in serum and liver paralleled with a significant elevation in hepatic γ-glutamyl transferase activity. The glutathione-S-transferase activity and lipid peroxidation level in the liver were significantly increased while a significant decrease in hepatic gluthathione content was recorded. A significant decrease in the counts of monocytes, platelets, peripheral lymphocytes as well as splenic total, T and B lymphocytes levels was observed for SMF and ELF-EMF exposed groups. The granulocytes percentage was significantly increased. The results indicate that there is a relation between the exposure to SMF or ELF-EMF and the oxidative stress through distressing redox balance leading to physiological disturbances.

AI evidence extraction

Main findings

Continuous whole-body exposure for 30 days to either a gradient static magnetic field or a uniform 50 Hz ELF-EMF was associated with gradual body weight loss and significant changes in multiple serum and liver biochemical parameters, including decreased serum glucose/total protein/alkaline phosphatase and increased LDH and hepatic γ-glutamyl transferase. Liver oxidative stress-related measures changed (increased glutathione-S-transferase activity and lipid peroxidation with decreased hepatic glutathione), and several immune cell counts decreased with increased granulocyte percentage in exposed groups.

Outcomes measured

• Body weight
• Serum glucose
• Serum total protein
• Serum alkaline phosphatase activity
• Lactate dehydrogenase activity (serum and liver)
• Hepatic γ-glutamyl transferase activity
• Hepatic glutathione-S-transferase activity
• Liver lipid peroxidation
• Hepatic glutathione content
• Monocyte count
• Platelet count
• Peripheral lymphocyte count
• Splenic total lymphocytes
• Splenic T lymphocytes
• Splenic B lymphocytes
• Granulocyte percentage
• Oxidative stress/redox balance markers

Limitations

• Sample size not reported in abstract
• Static magnetic field strength/gradient magnitude not reported in abstract
• ELF-EMF field strength not reported in abstract
• No details provided on randomization/blinding or control conditions in abstract

Suggested hubs

• occupational-exposure (0.25)
  Study involves continuous whole-body exposure to SMF and 50 Hz ELF-EMF, which can be relevant to occupational EMF contexts, though no workplace setting is specified.

{
    "study_type": "animal",
    "exposure": {
        "band": "ELF",
        "source": "other",
        "frequency_mhz": 0.05000000000000000277555756156289135105907917022705078125,
        "sar_wkg": null,
        "duration": "continuous whole body exposure for 30 days"
    },
    "population": "Mice",
    "sample_size": null,
    "outcomes": [
        "Body weight",
        "Serum glucose",
        "Serum total protein",
        "Serum alkaline phosphatase activity",
        "Lactate dehydrogenase activity (serum and liver)",
        "Hepatic γ-glutamyl transferase activity",
        "Hepatic glutathione-S-transferase activity",
        "Liver lipid peroxidation",
        "Hepatic glutathione content",
        "Monocyte count",
        "Platelet count",
        "Peripheral lymphocyte count",
        "Splenic total lymphocytes",
        "Splenic T lymphocytes",
        "Splenic B lymphocytes",
        "Granulocyte percentage",
        "Oxidative stress/redox balance markers"
    ],
    "main_findings": "Continuous whole-body exposure for 30 days to either a gradient static magnetic field or a uniform 50 Hz ELF-EMF was associated with gradual body weight loss and significant changes in multiple serum and liver biochemical parameters, including decreased serum glucose/total protein/alkaline phosphatase and increased LDH and hepatic γ-glutamyl transferase. Liver oxidative stress-related measures changed (increased glutathione-S-transferase activity and lipid peroxidation with decreased hepatic glutathione), and several immune cell counts decreased with increased granulocyte percentage in exposed groups.",
    "effect_direction": "harm",
    "limitations": [
        "Sample size not reported in abstract",
        "Static magnetic field strength/gradient magnitude not reported in abstract",
        "ELF-EMF field strength not reported in abstract",
        "No details provided on randomization/blinding or control conditions in abstract"
    ],
    "evidence_strength": "low",
    "confidence": 0.7399999999999999911182158029987476766109466552734375,
    "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
    "keywords": [
        "static magnetic field",
        "SMF",
        "ELF-EMF",
        "50 Hz",
        "whole-body exposure",
        "mice",
        "liver enzymes",
        "oxidative stress",
        "lipid peroxidation",
        "glutathione",
        "immune cells",
        "lymphocytes",
        "granulocytes"
    ],
    "suggested_hubs": [
        {
            "slug": "occupational-exposure",
            "weight": 0.25,
            "reason": "Study involves continuous whole-body exposure to SMF and 50 Hz ELF-EMF, which can be relevant to occupational EMF contexts, though no workplace setting is specified."
        }
    ]
}

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