Synergic effects of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field and betaine on in vitro osteogenic differentiation of human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells.

PAPER pubmed In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Animal 2021 In vitro study Effect: mixed Evidence: Low

Read original paper → DOI: 10.1007/s11626-021-00558-6 PMID: 33770338 Evidence Lab

Abstract

Human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADSCs) due to easy extraction, relative abundance, in vitro expansion and differentiation potential, frozen storage capability, and ability to secrete cytokines, compared to other stem cells, are appropriate candidate in regenerative medicine. Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) and betaine are two safe factors in bone lesions repair. This study was designed to assess the osteogenic differentiation potential of these factors on hADSCs. The samples were collected from women undergoing liposuction after obtaining written consent. The hADSCs were extracted and treated with osteogenesis differentiation medium (OD) as the positive control, with OD and betaine (BET group), with OD and EMF (EMF group), and with OD and betaine and EMF (BET+EMF group) for 21 d; the negative control consisted of cells without treatment. Betaine 10 mM and EMF with 50-Hz frequency, 1-mT intensity (8 h daily), and in the form of sinus wave were used. Osteogenic differentiation was evaluated by Alizarin Red staining, alkaline phosphatase activity, calcium deposition, and real-time PCR. A significant increase in calcium deposition in the BET+EMF group was observed compared to the other groups. The activity of alkaline phosphatase in the positive control and BET groups was increased significantly compared to EMF and BET + EMF groups and a significant increase of this enzyme activity in the BET + EMF compared to EMF group was observed. The expression of RUNX2 and OCN genes in the EMF-treated groups were significantly reduced compared to the non-EMF-treated groups, and BET+EMF showed a significant increase of RUNX2 gene expression as compared the EMF group. The ELF-EMF leads to a decrease in the osteogenic differentiation and the expression RUNX2 and OCN genes in hADSCs. But osteogenic differentiation and RUNX2 gene expression were increased post-induction by betaine. The synergic effect of betaine and EMF on the osteogenic differentiation and related genes expression of hADSCs was higher than EMF.

AI evidence extraction

At a glance

Study type

In vitro study

Effect direction

mixed

Population

Human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADSCs) from women undergoing liposuction

Sample size

—

Exposure

ELF · 21 d; 8 h daily

Evidence strength

Low

Confidence: 78% · Peer-reviewed: yes

Main findings

Cells were treated for 21 days with osteogenic differentiation medium (OD) alone, OD+betaine (10 mM), OD+ELF-EMF (50 Hz, 1 mT, sinus wave, 8 h/day), or OD+betaine+ELF-EMF. Calcium deposition was significantly increased in the BET+EMF group versus other groups, while RUNX2 and OCN expression in EMF-treated groups were significantly reduced versus non-EMF-treated groups; BET+EMF increased RUNX2 compared with EMF alone.

Outcomes measured

Osteogenic differentiation (Alizarin Red staining)
Alkaline phosphatase activity
Calcium deposition
RUNX2 gene expression
OCN gene expression

Limitations

Sample size not reported in abstract
In vitro study (cell culture), limiting direct generalization to clinical outcomes
Population limited to cells derived from women undergoing liposuction

View raw extracted JSON

{
    "study_type": "in_vitro",
    "exposure": {
        "band": "ELF",
        "source": null,
        "frequency_mhz": null,
        "sar_wkg": null,
        "duration": "21 d; 8 h daily"
    },
    "population": "Human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADSCs) from women undergoing liposuction",
    "sample_size": null,
    "outcomes": [
        "Osteogenic differentiation (Alizarin Red staining)",
        "Alkaline phosphatase activity",
        "Calcium deposition",
        "RUNX2 gene expression",
        "OCN gene expression"
    ],
    "main_findings": "Cells were treated for 21 days with osteogenic differentiation medium (OD) alone, OD+betaine (10 mM), OD+ELF-EMF (50 Hz, 1 mT, sinus wave, 8 h/day), or OD+betaine+ELF-EMF. Calcium deposition was significantly increased in the BET+EMF group versus other groups, while RUNX2 and OCN expression in EMF-treated groups were significantly reduced versus non-EMF-treated groups; BET+EMF increased RUNX2 compared with EMF alone.",
    "effect_direction": "mixed",
    "limitations": [
        "Sample size not reported in abstract",
        "In vitro study (cell culture), limiting direct generalization to clinical outcomes",
        "Population limited to cells derived from women undergoing liposuction"
    ],
    "evidence_strength": "low",
    "confidence": 0.7800000000000000266453525910037569701671600341796875,
    "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
    "keywords": [
        "extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field",
        "ELF-EMF",
        "50 Hz",
        "1 mT",
        "betaine",
        "osteogenic differentiation",
        "human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells",
        "RUNX2",
        "OCN",
        "alkaline phosphatase",
        "calcium deposition"
    ],
    "suggested_hubs": []
}

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AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract/metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This content is for informational purposes only and is not medical advice.

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