Whole-body SAR measurements of millimeter-wave base station in reverberation chambers

PAPER manual International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 2024 Exposure assessment Effect: unclear Evidence: Insufficient

Read original paper → DOI: 10.1017/s1759078724000515 Evidence Lab

Abstract

Whole-body SAR measurements of millimeter-wave base station in reverberation chambers Eilers Bischoff J, Joshi P, Colombi D, Xu B, Törnevik C. Whole-body SAR measurements of millimeter- wave base station in reverberation chambers. International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies. Published online 2024:1-6. doi:10.1017/S1759078724000515 Abstract This paper presents a method for measuring whole-body specific absorption rate (WBSAR) of millimeter- wave base stations (BSs) in a reverberation chamber (RC). The absorbed power in the phantom from the equipment under test (EUT) and hence WBSAR is determined as the difference between the total radiated power with and without the phantom. A chamber transfer function is determined and used to include only the absorption in the phantom due to direct illumination from the EUT, i.e., excluding absorption due to the RC multipath reflections. The measurement method was evaluated at 28 GHz using a horn antenna and a commercial massive multi-input–multi-output BS. The experimental results are in good agreement with simulations. The proposed method allows for measurements of WBSAR within 3 minutes, which is much shorter than traditional approaches. The method is suitable for compliance assessments of BS products with the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection 2020 electromagnetic field exposure guidelines, which extend the applicability of WBSAR as basic restrictions up to 300 GHz. doi.org

AI evidence extraction

At a glance

Study type

Exposure assessment

Effect direction

unclear

Population

—

Sample size

—

Exposure

mmWave base station · 28000 MHz · within 3 minutes (measurement time)

Evidence strength

Insufficient

Confidence: 78% · Peer-reviewed: yes

Main findings

The paper presents a reverberation-chamber method to measure whole-body SAR of millimeter-wave base stations by comparing total radiated power with and without a phantom and using a chamber transfer function to exclude multipath-reflection absorption. The method was evaluated at 28 GHz using a horn antenna and a commercial massive MIMO base station, with experimental results reported to be in good agreement with simulations, and enabling WBSAR measurements within 3 minutes.

Outcomes measured

Whole-body specific absorption rate (WBSAR) measurement method
Agreement between experimental results and simulations
Measurement time (speed)
Suitability for compliance assessment with ICNIRP 2020 guidelines up to 300 GHz

Suggested hubs

who-icnirp (0.72)
Mentions ICNIRP 2020 EMF exposure guidelines and compliance assessment context.
5g-policy (0.55)
Focuses on mmWave (28 GHz) base-station exposure assessment relevant to 5G deployments.

View raw extracted JSON

{
    "study_type": "exposure_assessment",
    "exposure": {
        "band": "mmWave",
        "source": "base station",
        "frequency_mhz": 28000,
        "sar_wkg": null,
        "duration": "within 3 minutes (measurement time)"
    },
    "population": null,
    "sample_size": null,
    "outcomes": [
        "Whole-body specific absorption rate (WBSAR) measurement method",
        "Agreement between experimental results and simulations",
        "Measurement time (speed)",
        "Suitability for compliance assessment with ICNIRP 2020 guidelines up to 300 GHz"
    ],
    "main_findings": "The paper presents a reverberation-chamber method to measure whole-body SAR of millimeter-wave base stations by comparing total radiated power with and without a phantom and using a chamber transfer function to exclude multipath-reflection absorption. The method was evaluated at 28 GHz using a horn antenna and a commercial massive MIMO base station, with experimental results reported to be in good agreement with simulations, and enabling WBSAR measurements within 3 minutes.",
    "effect_direction": "unclear",
    "limitations": [],
    "evidence_strength": "insufficient",
    "confidence": 0.7800000000000000266453525910037569701671600341796875,
    "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
    "keywords": [
        "whole-body SAR",
        "WBSAR",
        "millimeter-wave",
        "mmWave",
        "base station",
        "massive MIMO",
        "reverberation chamber",
        "phantom",
        "28 GHz",
        "compliance assessment",
        "ICNIRP 2020",
        "transfer function"
    ],
    "suggested_hubs": [
        {
            "slug": "who-icnirp",
            "weight": 0.7199999999999999733546474089962430298328399658203125,
            "reason": "Mentions ICNIRP 2020 EMF exposure guidelines and compliance assessment context."
        },
        {
            "slug": "5g-policy",
            "weight": 0.5500000000000000444089209850062616169452667236328125,
            "reason": "Focuses on mmWave (28 GHz) base-station exposure assessment relevant to 5G deployments."
        }
    ]
}

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AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract/metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This content is for informational purposes only and is not medical advice.

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