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2 postsAnalysis of Actual Transmitted Power from Hundreds of 5G FR2 Radio Base Stations over One Month in Urban Areas in Japan
This exposure/compliance assessment study collected 5- and 30-minute transmitted power data over one month from more than 400 5G FR2 beamforming base stations in urban Japan to evaluate the IEC 62232:2025 “actual maximum approach.” All measured transmitted powers were below configured maxima, with 30-minute averaged normalized maxima reported as < -8 dB, while 5-minute averaged maxima reached about -3 dB under low UE counts. The authors report that the actual maximum approach can avoid overestimation for longer averaging times, but may underestimate exposure for stations with three or fewer UEs if power is not monitored and controlled.
Auto-Induced Downlink Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Field Exposure at 3.5 GHz With Focusing Near the Head
This exposure-assessment study uses FDTD simulations to evaluate auto-induced downlink RF-EMF exposure at 3.5 GHz when downlink energy is focused toward user equipment near the head. Exposure varied substantially by device position (ear, eyes, nose) and by the precoding technique used. The authors report that the choice of normalization strategy can produce cases where ICNIRP basic restrictions are exceeded even when reference levels appear compliant, motivating a precautionary framing for compliance assessment.