This review summarized 27 studies on RF-EMR and the male reproductive system, reporting negative consequences in 21 studies. Among the included studies, most reported reduced sperm motility, all studies measuring ROS reported increases, most studies assessing…
This review reports that the peer-reviewed literature shows molecular oxidative effects induced by low-intensity radiofrequency radiation in living cells, including ROS pathway activation, peroxidation, oxidative DNA damage, and altered antioxidant enzyme act…
Rats exposed to 2450 MHz microwave radiation (50–200 mW/cm^2 for 6 min) showed increased serum enzyme levels, increased myocardial malondialdehyde, decreased antioxidative stress enzymes, reduced mitochondrial complex I–IV activities and ATP, and myocardial c…
Compared with sham, the EMR-only group showed increased oxidative stress markers (MDA and TOS; TAS decreased) and increased PGE and CGRP staining in testicular tubules, with fewer spermatozoa and decreased spermatozoon counts. Gallic acid co-treatment (EMR+GA…
In a tibial neuroma transposition model, RF EMF stimulation was associated with a persistent and significant pain response compared with sham surgery groups, alongside a transient increase in skin temperature during stimulation. TRPV4 expression was increased…
Compared with sham, the pre-natal exposure group had higher renal tissue MDA and TOS and lower TAS and SOD. Spot urine NAG/creatinine ratio was significantly higher in both pre- and post-natal exposure groups (p<0.001), and tubular injury was detected in most…
Longer prenatal 1800 MHz EMF exposure was associated with reduced resting cartilage levels and increased numbers of apoptotic chondrocytes and myocytes. Calcineurin activity in bone and muscle tissues was reduced, and development of the femur, tibia, and ulna…
Female pups prenatally exposed to continuous 900-MHz EMF (1 h/day on gestational days 13–21) had significantly decreased primordial and tertiary follicle numbers and significantly increased atretic follicle numbers and apoptotic index compared with controls (…
Compared with population-based referents, the IEI-EMF group had significantly higher scores on several SCL-90 subscales (obsessive/compulsive behavior, interpersonal hypersensitivity, hostility, phobic anxiety, paranoid thoughts), with only a tendency for a d…
Compared with controls, rats exposed to a 50 Hz magnetic field for 8 or 13 weeks showed significant harmful changes in ovarian follicles, including increased follicular atresia (p < 0.05) and reported morphological changes in oocytes (smaller, shape-changed n…
ELF magnetic flux density measured at two schools near a high-voltage electricity substation (30 and 50 m) averaged 0.245 µT versus 0.164 µT at two control schools farther away (610 and 1390 m; P<0.01). Working memory differed significantly (5% level), with b…
Compared with controls, EMF-exposed groups showed ultrastructural/morphological abnormalities including separation of the theca layer, irregular thickness of the zona layer, and ovarian stroma changes with dilated vessels and infiltration. Authors conclude EM…
A 48-year-old woman reported recurrence of neurologic symptoms after installation of a wireless modem with a public hotspot in a nearby apartment; symptoms reportedly stopped after the modem was replaced with a router without hotspot feature and recurred when…
Rats exposed to 900-MHz EMF (1 h/day throughout adolescence) showed increased pyknotic neurons on histopathology and fewer pyramidal neurons on stereological analysis compared with control and sham groups. Biochemical analyses showed increased malondialdehyde…
Compared with controls, the exposed rats showed substantial ultrastructural changes in hippocampal cells on TEM, including morphologically abnormal/uncertain intracellular organelles such as mitochondria. The number of apoptotic cells in the exposed group sho…
In a field study of 120 trees, the authors reported significant differences in power flux density between the damaged side facing a phone mast and the opposite side, and between exposed sides of damaged trees and other tree groups. Trees selected in low-radia…
In flies studied at 25°C and under thermal stress at 35°C, thermal stress shortened lifespan, accelerated death rates, altered locomotion, and increased heat shock protein expression and oxidative stress responses. ELF-EMF exposure (50 Hz, 3 mT) enhanced the …
Compared with control and sham groups, the EMF-exposed group showed lumbar spinal cord morphological irregularity in gray matter, increased vacuolization, and infiltration of white matter into gray matter. The apoptotic index of glia cells and neurons was sig…
In incubated human blood samples, exposure conditions involving lead ions with ELF-EMF were associated with increased metHb and hemichrome and absorbance changes consistent with oxidative damage to erythrocytes. Regression analyses reported strong positive co…
Compared with control animals, the EMF-exposed group showed increased malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione and catalase. Histology and electron microscopy indicated myocardial structural changes (including capillary congestion, alt…
