The Impact of Intraspecies Variability on Growth Rate and Cellular Metabolic Activity of Bacteria Exposed to Rotating Magnetic Field

Abstract

The Impact of Intraspecies Variability on Growth Rate and Cellular Metabolic Activity of Bacteria Exposed to Rotating Magnetic Field Woroszyło M, Ciecholewska-Juśko D, Junka A, Pruss A, Kwiatkowski P, Wardach M, Fijałkowski K. The Impact of Intraspecies Variability on Growth Rate and Cellular Metabolic Activity of Bacteria Exposed to Rotating Magnetic Field. Pathogens. 2021 Nov 4;10(11):1427. doi: 10.3390/pathogens10111427. Abstract Majority of research on the influence of magnetic fields on microorganisms has been carried out with the use of different species or different groups of microorganisms, but not with the use of different strains belonging to one species. The purpose of the present study was to assess the effect of rotating magnetic fields (RMF) of 5 and 50 Hz on the growth and cellular metabolic activity of eight species of bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterobacter cloacae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Bacillus cereus. However, contrary to the research conducted so far, each species was represented by at least four different strains. Moreover, an additional group of S. aureus belonging to a single clonal type but representing different biotypes was also included in the experiment. The results showed a varied influence of RMF on growth dynamics and cellular metabolic activity, diversified to the greatest extent in dependence on the bacterial strain exposed to the RMF and to a lesser extent in dependence on the frequency of the generated magnetic field. It was found that, with regard to the exposed strain of the same species, the effect exerted by the RMF may be positive (i.e., manifests as the increase in the growth rate or/and cellular metabolic activity) or negative (i.e., manifests as a reduction of both aforementioned features) or none. Even when one clonal type of S. aureus was used, the results of RMF exposure also varied (although the degree of differentiation was lower than for strains representing different clones). Therefore, the research has proven that, apart from the previously described factors related primarily to the physical parameters of the magnetic field, one of the key parameters affecting the final result of its influence is the bacterial intraspecies variability. Open access paper: mdpi.com

AI evidence extraction

Main findings

Rotating magnetic fields (5 and 50 Hz) showed varied effects on bacterial growth dynamics and cellular metabolic activity, with the direction and magnitude of effects differing primarily by bacterial strain and less by field frequency. Depending on the strain, RMF exposure could increase, decrease, or have no effect on growth rate and/or metabolic activity, including within a single clonal type of S. aureus (with lower differentiation than across different clones).

Outcomes measured

• Bacterial growth dynamics/growth rate
• Cellular metabolic activity

Limitations

• Exposure duration not reported in abstract
• Magnetic field intensity/flux density not reported in abstract
• Sample size (number of strains per species beyond 'at least four') not fully specified in abstract
• Study design and statistical methods not described in abstract

Suggested hubs

• elf-magnetic-fields (0.9)
  Exposure is rotating magnetic field at 5 and 50 Hz (ELF range).

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        "band": "ELF",
        "source": "rotating magnetic field",
        "frequency_mhz": null,
        "sar_wkg": null,
        "duration": null
    },
    "population": "Bacterial strains from eight bacterial species (including multiple strains per species; additional S. aureus group of one clonal type with different biotypes)",
    "sample_size": null,
    "outcomes": [
        "Bacterial growth dynamics/growth rate",
        "Cellular metabolic activity"
    ],
    "main_findings": "Rotating magnetic fields (5 and 50 Hz) showed varied effects on bacterial growth dynamics and cellular metabolic activity, with the direction and magnitude of effects differing primarily by bacterial strain and less by field frequency. Depending on the strain, RMF exposure could increase, decrease, or have no effect on growth rate and/or metabolic activity, including within a single clonal type of S. aureus (with lower differentiation than across different clones).",
    "effect_direction": "mixed",
    "limitations": [
        "Exposure duration not reported in abstract",
        "Magnetic field intensity/flux density not reported in abstract",
        "Sample size (number of strains per species beyond 'at least four') not fully specified in abstract",
        "Study design and statistical methods not described in abstract"
    ],
    "evidence_strength": "low",
    "confidence": 0.7399999999999999911182158029987476766109466552734375,
    "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
    "keywords": [
        "rotating magnetic field",
        "RMF",
        "5 Hz",
        "50 Hz",
        "ELF magnetic field",
        "bacteria",
        "intraspecies variability",
        "strain variability",
        "growth rate",
        "metabolic activity",
        "Staphylococcus aureus",
        "Pseudomonas aeruginosa",
        "Proteus mirabilis",
        "Klebsiella pneumoniae",
        "Enterococcus faecalis",
        "Enterobacter cloacae",
        "Moraxella catarrhalis",
        "Bacillus cereus"
    ],
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            "weight": 0.90000000000000002220446049250313080847263336181640625,
            "reason": "Exposure is rotating magnetic field at 5 and 50 Hz (ELF range)."
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