Reproduction of Japanese quail after microwave irradiation (2.45 GHz CW) during embryogeny.

Abstract

Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) embryos were irradiated continuously in ovo with 2.45-GHz continuous wave radiation during the first 12 days of embryogenesis at an incident power of 5 mW/cm2 and a specific absorption rate of 4.03 mW/g. The internal temperature of irradiated and nonirradiated (sham) eggs was 37.5 +/- 0.3 degrees C, which is the optimum temperature for incubating quail eggs. At 35 days after hatching irradiated and sham-irradiated males were paired with irradiated or sham-irradiated females and daily records of reproductive performance were collected through 224 days of age. Progeny were hatched from each of the male-female pairs, and progeny reproductive performance was measured from 35 through 168 days of age. Hatchability was not affected by irradiation during embryogeny. Mortality after hatching, egg production, egg weight, fertility, hatchability of eggs produced, and reproductive performance of the progeny were not affected by irradiation during embryogeny. These observations indicate that irradiation of quail embryos with low-level microwave radiation does not affect the reproductive capacity of the hatchlings or of progeny produced from quail irradiated during incubation.

AI evidence extraction

Main findings

Quail embryos irradiated continuously in ovo with 2.45 GHz continuous wave radiation for the first 12 days of embryogenesis showed no differences versus sham in hatchability, post-hatching mortality, egg production, egg weight, fertility, hatchability of eggs produced, or reproductive performance of progeny.

Outcomes measured

• Hatchability
• Post-hatching mortality
• Egg production
• Egg weight
• Fertility
• Hatchability of eggs produced
• Reproductive performance of progeny

Limitations

• Sample size not reported in abstract
• Details of randomization/blinding not reported in abstract
• Exposure metric reported as incident power density and SAR, but dosimetry details beyond these values not provided in abstract

{
    "study_type": "animal",
    "exposure": {
        "band": "microwave",
        "source": null,
        "frequency_mhz": 2450,
        "sar_wkg": 4.03000000000000024868995751603506505489349365234375,
        "duration": "continuous irradiation in ovo during first 12 days of embryogenesis"
    },
    "population": "Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) embryos; follow-up of hatchlings and their progeny",
    "sample_size": null,
    "outcomes": [
        "Hatchability",
        "Post-hatching mortality",
        "Egg production",
        "Egg weight",
        "Fertility",
        "Hatchability of eggs produced",
        "Reproductive performance of progeny"
    ],
    "main_findings": "Quail embryos irradiated continuously in ovo with 2.45 GHz continuous wave radiation for the first 12 days of embryogenesis showed no differences versus sham in hatchability, post-hatching mortality, egg production, egg weight, fertility, hatchability of eggs produced, or reproductive performance of progeny.",
    "effect_direction": "no_effect",
    "limitations": [
        "Sample size not reported in abstract",
        "Details of randomization/blinding not reported in abstract",
        "Exposure metric reported as incident power density and SAR, but dosimetry details beyond these values not provided in abstract"
    ],
    "evidence_strength": "low",
    "confidence": 0.7800000000000000266453525910037569701671600341796875,
    "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
    "keywords": [
        "Japanese quail",
        "embryogenesis",
        "in ovo",
        "microwave",
        "2.45 GHz",
        "continuous wave",
        "SAR",
        "reproduction",
        "fertility",
        "hatchability",
        "progeny"
    ],
    "suggested_hubs": []
}

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