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4 postsThe S4-Mitochondria Axis: A Plausible Unifying Mechanism for Non-Thermal Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Field Effects on Cancer, Male Reproduction, Carcinogenicity, and Immune Dysregulation
RF Safe argues that findings it describes as “high-certainty” from WHO-commissioned systematic reviews show RF-EMF causes malignant heart Schwannomas and brain gliomas in rodents and reduces male fertility. The post proposes a unifying non-thermal mechanism—the “S4-mitochondria axis”—suggesting RF-EMF interacts with the voltage-sensing S4 helix of voltage-gated ion channels (VGICs) and is amplified by mitochondrial density. It concludes that the combination of animal evidence and a proposed mechanism supports precautionary revisions to exposure guidelines and more mechanistic research.
Behaviour and reproduction of Drosophila melanogaster exposed to 3.6 GHz radio-frequency electromagnetic fields
This animal study assessed whether 3.6 GHz RF-EMF exposure affects behaviour and reproduction in adult Drosophila melanogaster, using micro-CT-based digital-twin dosimetry and numerical simulations. It reports no significant changes in locomotor activity after 5 days at 5.4–9 V/m and no effect on fecundity over 48 hours at the tested absorbed power. The authors note that effects could still be possible at other exposure levels or in different developmental stages.
From adults to offspring: Wi-Fi RF-EMR exposure in adult zebrafish impairs reproduction and transgenerationally effects development and behavior of progeny
This animal study examined Wi-Fi RF-EMR exposure in adult zebrafish (4 hours/day for 30 days) and assessed reproductive tissues and offspring outcomes. The abstract reports testicular and ovarian histopathological abnormalities in exposed adults. Offspring from exposed parents, maintained under EMF-free conditions, reportedly showed increased mortality, morphological abnormalities, and anxiety-like behavior, with malformations increasing with longer parental exposure.
Female Crabs Are More Sensitive to Environmentally Relevant Electromagnetic Fields from Submarine Power Cables
This controlled laboratory study examined sex-specific behavioral responses of juvenile shore crabs to magnetic fields intended to represent submarine power cable EMFs. Females showed consistent attraction to EMF-exposed zones across 500–3,200 μT exposures, whereas males showed no consistent spatial preference. The authors suggest such sex-specific sensitivity could disrupt female-driven behaviors relevant to migration and reproduction, with potential ecological implications.