Functioning mechanisms of water biosensors of electromagnetic radiation.

PAPER pubmed Critical reviews in biomedical engineering 2000 Other Effect: harm Evidence: Insufficient

Read original paper → DOI: 10.1615/critrevbiomedeng.v28.i56.70 PMID: 11211984 Evidence Lab

Abstract

The effect of microwaves on liquid water was investigated by using biosensors and physiochemical techniques, such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and spectrophotometry. The results obtained provided evidence for a nonthermal effect of microwaves on liquid water.

AI evidence extraction

At a glance

Study type

Other

Effect direction

harm

Population

—

Sample size

—

Exposure

microwave

Evidence strength

Insufficient

Confidence: 62% · Peer-reviewed: yes

Main findings

Using biosensors and physicochemical techniques (NMR and spectrophotometry), the study reports evidence consistent with a nonthermal effect of microwaves on liquid water.

Outcomes measured

Changes/effects in liquid water measured by biosensors
NMR measures in liquid water
Spectrophotometry measures in liquid water
Nonthermal effects of microwaves on liquid water

Limitations

No microwave frequency, intensity/SAR, or exposure duration reported in the abstract
No sample size or replication details reported in the abstract
Outcome measures and magnitude/statistical details not provided in the abstract

View raw extracted JSON

{
    "study_type": "other",
    "exposure": {
        "band": "microwave",
        "source": null,
        "frequency_mhz": null,
        "sar_wkg": null,
        "duration": null
    },
    "population": null,
    "sample_size": null,
    "outcomes": [
        "Changes/effects in liquid water measured by biosensors",
        "NMR measures in liquid water",
        "Spectrophotometry measures in liquid water",
        "Nonthermal effects of microwaves on liquid water"
    ],
    "main_findings": "Using biosensors and physicochemical techniques (NMR and spectrophotometry), the study reports evidence consistent with a nonthermal effect of microwaves on liquid water.",
    "effect_direction": "harm",
    "limitations": [
        "No microwave frequency, intensity/SAR, or exposure duration reported in the abstract",
        "No sample size or replication details reported in the abstract",
        "Outcome measures and magnitude/statistical details not provided in the abstract"
    ],
    "evidence_strength": "insufficient",
    "confidence": 0.61999999999999999555910790149937383830547332763671875,
    "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
    "keywords": [
        "microwaves",
        "liquid water",
        "biosensors",
        "nonthermal effect",
        "nuclear magnetic resonance",
        "spectrophotometry"
    ],
    "suggested_hubs": []
}

AI can be wrong. Always verify against the paper.

AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract/metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This content is for informational purposes only and is not medical advice.

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