Millimeter-wave high frequency 5G (26 GHz) electromagnetic fields do not modulate human brain electrical activity

Abstract

Category: Neurophysiology Tags: 5G, millimeter-wave, electromagnetic fields, EEG, brain activity, human study, safety DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2025.123349 URL: pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Overview The advent of 5G networks employing millimeter-wave frequencies such as 26 GHz has spurred concerns regarding their potential effects on human neurophysiology, particularly in relation to electrical brain activity. Notably, prior to this work, no controlled investigations examined the impact of 26 GHz exposure on the human brain. Methods - Design: Randomized, triple-blind crossover study - Participants: 31 healthy young adults (18 men, 14 women, mean age 26.1 ± 5.2 years) - Exposure: Each participant underwent two sessions (real and sham), separated by a week, receiving 26.5-minute exposures to 26 GHz electromagnetic fields at an intensity of 2 V/m. - EEG Activity: Recorded before, during, and after exposure, focusing on power spectral density in delta (1-4 Hz), theta (4-8 Hz), alpha (8-12 Hz), and beta (12-35 Hz) bands. - Statistical Analysis: Mixed-effects models with baseline correction to determine the effects of exposure across temporal phases and electrode clusters. Findings - No significant modulation of EEG frequency bands was identified during the eyes-closed condition following 26 GHz exposure. - Mixed-effects modeling revealed no significant main effects or interactions for exposure conditions across all frequency bands and electrode clusters. Conclusion This first controlled investigation into the neurophysiological effects of 26 GHz 5G electromagnetic fields on human EEG activity did not reveal detectable alterations in brain electrical activity under exposure conditions that comply with regulatory limits. These results offer preliminary assurance regarding the safety of 5G millimeter-wave technology. However, further studies across broader populations and varying exposure scenarios are recommended, as ongoing scrutiny of potential health risks from electromagnetic fields is essential for public health.

AI evidence extraction

Main findings

In a randomized, triple-blind crossover study (real vs sham), 26 GHz exposure at 2 V/m for 26.5 minutes did not significantly modulate EEG power spectral density in delta, theta, alpha, or beta bands across temporal phases and electrode clusters under eyes-closed conditions. Mixed-effects models showed no significant main effects or interactions for exposure across all frequency bands and electrode clusters.

Outcomes measured

• EEG power spectral density in delta (1–4 Hz)
• EEG power spectral density in theta (4–8 Hz)
• EEG power spectral density in alpha (8–12 Hz)
• EEG power spectral density in beta (12–35 Hz)

Limitations

• Only healthy young adults were studied
• Exposure scenario limited to 26 GHz at 2 V/m for 26.5 minutes
• EEG results reported for eyes-closed conditions

Suggested hubs

• 5g-policy (0.72)
  Controlled human study of 26 GHz (5G mmWave) exposure with neurophysiological (EEG) outcomes.

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    "outcomes": [
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