Modulation of voltage-gated calcium influx by electromagnetic irradiation with terahertz Gaussian pulse
Abstract
Modulation of voltage-gated calcium influx by electromagnetic irradiation with terahertz Gaussian pulse Wenfei Bo, Lianghao Guo, Kaicheng Wang, Jialu Ma, Jingchao Tang, Zhe Wu, Baoqing Zeng, Yubin Gong. Modulation of voltage-gated calcium influx by electromagnetic irradiation with terahertz Gaussian pulse. IEEE Access. Jul 21, 2020. 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3010870 Abstract The voltage-gated calcium influxes modulated with terahertz Gaussian pulse is presented in this paper, and temperature rise is evaluated to monitor the terahertz thermal effects involved in the modulation. From the numerical results, inhibition effect on voltage-gated calcium influx because of the loss of the influx from electric drift is transparently revealed in the modulation with terahertz Gaussian pulse. And the inhibition effect becomes significant reflected by considerable reduction in voltage-gated calcium influx as the irradiated amplitude is raised intense enough. Compared to the terahertz sinusoidal wave, Gaussian pulse reduces the inhibition effect dramatically. The decrease in the increment of intracellular calcium concentration with the irradiated amplitude due to the inhibition effect is substantially relieved by the modulation of the calcium influx with terahertz Gaussian pulse. The thermal analyses reveal that the modulation is non-thermal effect. Meanwhile, to raise the intracellular calcium concentration to a same amount by means of the voltage-gated calcium influx, application of terahertz Gaussian pulse induces much less concurrent temperature rise than application of terahertz sinusoidal wave of the same amplitude that is intense enough to cause the inhibition effect. Additionally, terahertz Gaussian pulse irradiation remains the dependence of the increment of the calcium concentration on the irradiated time duration and frequency in terahertz sinusoidal wave irradiation. These numerical results lay the theoretical basis for the modulation of voltage-gated calcium fluxes with terahertz Gaussian pulse and for further potential clinical applications of terahertz Gaussian pulse. Open access paper: ieeexplore.ieee.org
AI evidence extraction
Main findings
Numerical results reported an inhibition effect on voltage-gated calcium influx under terahertz Gaussian pulse irradiation that became significant as irradiated amplitude increased. Compared with terahertz sinusoidal wave exposure, Gaussian pulse was reported to reduce the inhibition effect and to induce less concurrent temperature rise for achieving the same intracellular calcium increase. Thermal analyses in the paper report the modulation as a non-thermal effect.
Outcomes measured
- Voltage-gated calcium influx
- Intracellular calcium concentration increment
- Temperature rise (thermal effects)
Limitations
- Findings are based on numerical results/modeling (no experimental or human data described in the abstract).
- Key exposure parameters (e.g., exact frequencies, amplitudes, durations, dosimetry) are not specified in the abstract.
- No details on model validation or uncertainty are provided in the abstract.
View raw extracted JSON
{
"publication_year": null,
"study_type": "other",
"exposure": {
"band": "THz",
"source": "terahertz Gaussian pulse irradiation",
"frequency_mhz": null,
"sar_wkg": null,
"duration": "time duration varied (not specified)"
},
"population": null,
"sample_size": null,
"outcomes": [
"Voltage-gated calcium influx",
"Intracellular calcium concentration increment",
"Temperature rise (thermal effects)"
],
"main_findings": "Numerical results reported an inhibition effect on voltage-gated calcium influx under terahertz Gaussian pulse irradiation that became significant as irradiated amplitude increased. Compared with terahertz sinusoidal wave exposure, Gaussian pulse was reported to reduce the inhibition effect and to induce less concurrent temperature rise for achieving the same intracellular calcium increase. Thermal analyses in the paper report the modulation as a non-thermal effect.",
"effect_direction": "mixed",
"limitations": [
"Findings are based on numerical results/modeling (no experimental or human data described in the abstract).",
"Key exposure parameters (e.g., exact frequencies, amplitudes, durations, dosimetry) are not specified in the abstract.",
"No details on model validation or uncertainty are provided in the abstract."
],
"evidence_strength": "low",
"confidence": 0.7399999999999999911182158029987476766109466552734375,
"peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
"stance": "neutral",
"stance_confidence": 0.61999999999999999555910790149937383830547332763671875,
"summary": "This paper presents numerical modeling of voltage-gated calcium influx modulation under terahertz Gaussian pulse irradiation and evaluates temperature rise to assess thermal contributions. The authors report an amplitude-dependent inhibition of calcium influx, but state that Gaussian pulses reduce this inhibition compared with terahertz sinusoidal waves. The thermal analysis described in the abstract suggests the modulation is non-thermal and that Gaussian pulses produce less temperature rise for similar calcium increases.",
"key_points": [
"The work reports numerical modeling of voltage-gated calcium influx under terahertz Gaussian pulse irradiation.",
"An inhibition of calcium influx is reported, becoming significant at sufficiently high irradiated amplitude.",
"Gaussian pulse exposure is reported to reduce the inhibition effect compared with terahertz sinusoidal wave exposure.",
"The increment in intracellular calcium concentration is reported to be less suppressed under Gaussian pulse modulation.",
"Thermal analyses described in the abstract report the modulation as a non-thermal effect.",
"For the same calcium increase, Gaussian pulses are reported to cause less concurrent temperature rise than sinusoidal waves of the same amplitude.",
"The dependence of calcium increment on irradiation duration and frequency is reported to remain similar to that under sinusoidal irradiation."
],
"categories": [
"Mechanisms",
"Terahertz (THz)"
],
"tags": [
"Terahertz",
"Gaussian Pulse",
"Sinusoidal Wave",
"Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels",
"Calcium Influx",
"Intracellular Calcium",
"Non-Thermal Effects",
"Thermal Analysis",
"Numerical Modeling",
"Dosimetry"
],
"keywords": [
"terahertz",
"Gaussian pulse",
"voltage-gated calcium influx",
"intracellular calcium concentration",
"temperature rise",
"non-thermal effect",
"sinusoidal wave",
"electric drift",
"numerical results"
],
"suggested_hubs": [],
"social": {
"tweet": "Modeling study: terahertz Gaussian pulse irradiation was reported to modulate voltage-gated calcium influx with amplitude-dependent inhibition, while reducing inhibition and temperature rise vs THz sinusoidal waves; authors describe the effect as non-thermal.",
"facebook": "An IEEE Access modeling paper reports that terahertz Gaussian pulse irradiation can modulate voltage-gated calcium influx, with inhibition at high amplitudes. Compared with terahertz sinusoidal waves, Gaussian pulses were reported to reduce inhibition and produce less temperature rise for similar intracellular calcium increases, suggesting a non-thermal mechanism in the model.",
"linkedin": "IEEE Access (2020) modeling study on terahertz Gaussian pulse irradiation reports amplitude-dependent inhibition of voltage-gated calcium influx, with Gaussian pulses reducing inhibition and concurrent temperature rise compared with THz sinusoidal waves. The abstract describes the modulation as non-thermal and proposes a theoretical basis for future applications."
}
}
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