Smart Electronic Device-Based Monitoring of SAR and Temperature Variations in Indoor Human Tissue

Abstract

Smart Electronic Device-Based Monitoring of SAR and Temperature Variations in Indoor Human Tissue Interaction Laganà F, Bibbò L, Calcagno S, De Carlo D, Pullano SA, Pratticò D, Angiulli G. Smart Electronic Device- Based Monitoring of SAR and Temperature Variations in Indoor Human Tissue Interaction. Applied Sciences. 2025; 15(5):2439. doi:10.3390/app15052439. Abstract The daily use of devices generating electric and magnetic fields has led to potential human overexposure in home and work environments. This paper assesses the possible effects of electric fields on human health at low and high frequencies. It presents an electronic monitoring device that captures the incidence of specific absorption rate (SAR) and temperature variation (∆T) on the human body. The system transmits data to a cloud platform, where a feedforward neural network (FFNN) processes the received information. SAR and surface temperature values are detected in an indoor environment, monitoring stationary and moving subjects. The results effectively assess temperature distribution due to electromagnetic fields. The prototype detected temperature peaks and high SAR values when the subjects remained motionless. Predictive analysis confirms the need for workplaces with materials shielding external electromagnetic signals and attenuating internal sources. Moderate mobile phone use could lower SAR and temperature values. Open access paper: mdpi.com

AI evidence extraction

Main findings

An electronic monitoring prototype measured SAR and surface temperature in an indoor environment for stationary and moving subjects. The prototype detected temperature peaks and high SAR values when subjects remained motionless, and results were used to assess temperature distribution due to electromagnetic fields. The authors state that moderate mobile phone use could lower SAR and temperature values and that predictive analysis supports using shielding/attenuating materials in workplaces.

Outcomes measured

• Specific absorption rate (SAR)
• Surface temperature variation (∆T)/temperature distribution

Limitations

• Frequencies and exposure sources are not specified beyond general indoor devices and mention of mobile phone use.
• Sample size and participant characteristics are not reported in the abstract.
• Health outcomes are discussed generally, but measured outcomes are SAR and surface temperature rather than clinical endpoints.
• Quantitative results (e.g., SAR levels, temperature changes) are not provided in the abstract.

Suggested hubs

• occupational-exposure (0.42)
  Mentions home and work environments and workplace shielding/attenuation recommendations.

{
    "study_type": "engineering",
    "exposure": {
        "band": null,
        "source": "indoor devices generating electric and magnetic fields; mobile phone (mentioned)",
        "frequency_mhz": null,
        "sar_wkg": null,
        "duration": null
    },
    "population": "Indoor human subjects (stationary and moving)",
    "sample_size": null,
    "outcomes": [
        "Specific absorption rate (SAR)",
        "Surface temperature variation (∆T)/temperature distribution"
    ],
    "main_findings": "An electronic monitoring prototype measured SAR and surface temperature in an indoor environment for stationary and moving subjects. The prototype detected temperature peaks and high SAR values when subjects remained motionless, and results were used to assess temperature distribution due to electromagnetic fields. The authors state that moderate mobile phone use could lower SAR and temperature values and that predictive analysis supports using shielding/attenuating materials in workplaces.",
    "effect_direction": "unclear",
    "limitations": [
        "Frequencies and exposure sources are not specified beyond general indoor devices and mention of mobile phone use.",
        "Sample size and participant characteristics are not reported in the abstract.",
        "Health outcomes are discussed generally, but measured outcomes are SAR and surface temperature rather than clinical endpoints.",
        "Quantitative results (e.g., SAR levels, temperature changes) are not provided in the abstract."
    ],
    "evidence_strength": "insufficient",
    "confidence": 0.7399999999999999911182158029987476766109466552734375,
    "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
    "keywords": [
        "specific absorption rate",
        "SAR",
        "surface temperature",
        "temperature variation",
        "indoor exposure",
        "monitoring device",
        "cloud platform",
        "feedforward neural network",
        "shielding",
        "mobile phone use"
    ],
    "suggested_hubs": [
        {
            "slug": "occupational-exposure",
            "weight": 0.419999999999999984456877655247808434069156646728515625,
            "reason": "Mentions home and work environments and workplace shielding/attenuation recommendations."
        }
    ]
}

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