5G RF EMF Spectral Exposure Assessment in Four European Countries
This exposure assessment used 146 indoor and outdoor spot measurements in 2023 across Belgium, Switzerland, Hungary, and Poland to characterize 5G (3.6 GHz) and cumulative RF EMF incident power density in public spaces and educational institutions. Reported maximum 5G-specific incident power density was 10.4 mW/m2 (3.2% of the frequency-specific ICNIRP guideline), and all measured levels were stated to be well within ICNIRP limits. Rural areas showed significantly lower incident power density than urban areas, and LOS conditions had higher average incident power density than NLOS. The authors recommend continued reassessment as 5G coverage expands.
Key points
- The study performed 146 spot measurements of RF EMF incident power density across four European countries in 2023.
- A 5G connection at 3.6 GHz was established at 34.9% of measurement locations.
- All measured RF EMF exposure levels were reported to be well within current ICNIRP guidelines.
- The highest reported 5G-specific maximum incident power density (Smax,5G) was 10.4 mW/m2 (3.2% of the ICNIRP frequency-specific guideline).
- Rural incident power density was significantly lower than urban incident power density (reported as -4.8 to -10.4 dB).
- Average incident power density was higher under LOS conditions (2.3 mW/m2) than under NLOS conditions (0.9 mW/m2).
- No significant difference was reported between measurements around educational institutions and public places across city sizes.
- The authors note that monitoring should continue as 5G rollout expands and exposure patterns may change.
Referenced studies & papers
Relevant papers in OpenMel
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AI-generated summaries may be incomplete or incorrect. This content is for informational purposes only and is not medical advice.
AI-generated summaries may be incomplete or incorrect. This content is for informational purposes only and is not medical advice.
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