Differential biological responses of adherent and non-adherent (cancer and non-cancerous) cells to variable extremely low frequency magnetic fields

Abstract

Differential biological responses of adherent and non-adherent (cancer and non-cancerous) cells to variable extremely low frequency magnetic fields Nezamtaheri MS, Goliaei B, Shariatpanahi SP, Ansari AM. Differential biological responses of adherent and non- adherent (cancer and non-cancerous) cells to variable extremely low frequency magnetic fields. Sci Rep. 2022 Aug 20;12(1):14225. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-18210-y. Abstract Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) induces biological effects on different cells through various signaling pathways. To study the impact of the ELF-EMF on living cells under an optimal physiological condition, we have designed and constructed a novel system that eliminates several limitations of other ELF- EMF systems. Apoptosis and cell number were assessed by flow cytometry and the Trypan Blue dye exclusion method, respectively. In vitro cell survival was evaluated by colony formation assay. The distribution of cells in the cell cycle, intracellular ROS level, and autophagy were analyzed by flow cytometer. Suspended cell differentiation was assessed by phagocytosis of latex particles and NBT reduction assay. Our results showed that response to the exposure to ELF-EMF is specific and depends on the biological state of the cell. For DU145, HUVEC, and K562 cell lines the optimum results were obtained at the frequency of 0.01 Hz, while for MDA-MB- 231, the optimum response was obtained at 1 Hz. Long-term exposure to ELF-EMF in adherent cells effectively inhibited proliferation by arresting the cell population at the cell cycle G2/M phase and increased intracellular ROS level, leading to morphological changes and cell death. The K562 cells exposed to the ELF-EMF differentiate via induction of autophagy and decreasing the cell number. Our novel ELF-EMF instrument could change morphological and cell behaviors, including proliferation, differentiation, and cell death. Open access paper: nature.com

AI evidence extraction

Main findings

Responses to ELF-EMF exposure were reported to be cell-state specific. Optimum responses were reported at 0.01 Hz for DU145, HUVEC, and K562, and at 1 Hz for MDA-MB-231. Long-term exposure in adherent cells was reported to inhibit proliferation via G2/M arrest and increased intracellular ROS, with morphological changes and cell death; K562 cells were reported to differentiate with induction of autophagy and decreased cell number.

Outcomes measured

• Apoptosis
• Cell number
• Cell survival (colony formation)
• Cell cycle distribution (G2/M arrest)
• Intracellular ROS level
• Autophagy
• Morphological changes
• Cell differentiation (phagocytosis of latex particles, NBT reduction)
• Proliferation

Limitations

• Exposure intensity/magnetic flux density not reported in the abstract
• Exposure duration not quantified in the abstract
• No sample sizes/replicates reported in the abstract
• In vitro findings; generalizability to humans not addressed in the abstract

Suggested hubs

• occupational-exposure (0.2)
  Study concerns ELF magnetic field exposure (relevant to ELF exposure contexts), though conducted in vitro and not explicitly occupational.

{
    "study_type": "in_vitro",
    "exposure": {
        "band": "ELF",
        "source": null,
        "frequency_mhz": null,
        "sar_wkg": null,
        "duration": "Long-term exposure (duration not specified)"
    },
    "population": "Cell lines (DU145, HUVEC, K562, MDA-MB-231)",
    "sample_size": null,
    "outcomes": [
        "Apoptosis",
        "Cell number",
        "Cell survival (colony formation)",
        "Cell cycle distribution (G2/M arrest)",
        "Intracellular ROS level",
        "Autophagy",
        "Morphological changes",
        "Cell differentiation (phagocytosis of latex particles, NBT reduction)",
        "Proliferation"
    ],
    "main_findings": "Responses to ELF-EMF exposure were reported to be cell-state specific. Optimum responses were reported at 0.01 Hz for DU145, HUVEC, and K562, and at 1 Hz for MDA-MB-231. Long-term exposure in adherent cells was reported to inhibit proliferation via G2/M arrest and increased intracellular ROS, with morphological changes and cell death; K562 cells were reported to differentiate with induction of autophagy and decreased cell number.",
    "effect_direction": "mixed",
    "limitations": [
        "Exposure intensity/magnetic flux density not reported in the abstract",
        "Exposure duration not quantified in the abstract",
        "No sample sizes/replicates reported in the abstract",
        "In vitro findings; generalizability to humans not addressed in the abstract"
    ],
    "evidence_strength": "low",
    "confidence": 0.7399999999999999911182158029987476766109466552734375,
    "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
    "keywords": [
        "ELF-EMF",
        "extremely low frequency",
        "magnetic fields",
        "in vitro",
        "cell lines",
        "DU145",
        "HUVEC",
        "K562",
        "MDA-MB-231",
        "proliferation",
        "cell cycle",
        "G2/M arrest",
        "ROS",
        "autophagy",
        "differentiation",
        "apoptosis",
        "colony formation"
    ],
    "suggested_hubs": [
        {
            "slug": "occupational-exposure",
            "weight": 0.200000000000000011102230246251565404236316680908203125,
            "reason": "Study concerns ELF magnetic field exposure (relevant to ELF exposure contexts), though conducted in vitro and not explicitly occupational."
        }
    ]
}

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