Overproduction of free radical species in embryonal cells exposed to low intensity radiofrequency radiation

Abstract

Aim: Long-term exposure of humans to low intensity radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) leads to a statistically significant increase in tumor incidence. Mechanisms of such the effects are unclear, but features of oxidative stress in living cells under RF-EMR exposure were previously reported. Our study aims to assess a production of initial free radical species, which lead to oxidative stress in the cell. Materials and methods: Embryos of Japanese quails were exposed in ovo to extremely low intensity RF-EMR of GSM 900 MHz (0.25 µW/cm2) during 158-360 h discontinuously (48 c - ON, 12 c - OFF) before and in the initial stages of development. The levels of superoxide (O2·-), nitrogen oxide (NO·), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG) and antioxidant enzymes' activities were assessed in cells/tissues of 38-h, 5- and 10-day RF-EMR exposed and unexposed embryos. Results: The exposure resulted in a significant persistent overproduction of superoxide and nitrogen oxide in embryo cells during all period of analyses. As a result, significantly increased levels of TBARS and 8-oxo-dG followed by significantly decreased levels of superoxide dismutase and catalase activities were developed in the exposed embryo cells. Conclusion: Exposure of developing quail embryos to extremely low intensity RF-EMR of GSM 900 MHz during at least one hundred and fifty-eight hours leads to a significant overproduction of free radicals/reactive oxygen species and oxidative damage of DNA in embryo cells. These oxidative changes may lead to pathologies up to oncogenic transformation of cells.

AI evidence extraction

Main findings

RF-EMR exposure was associated with significant persistent overproduction of superoxide and nitrogen oxide across all analysis timepoints. Exposed embryos also showed significantly increased TBARS and 8-oxo-dG and significantly decreased superoxide dismutase and catalase activities compared with unexposed embryos.

Outcomes measured

• Superoxide (O2·-) levels
• Nitrogen oxide (NO·) levels
• Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS)
• 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG)
• Superoxide dismutase activity
• Catalase activity

Limitations

• Sample size not reported in the provided abstract/metadata
• No SAR reported (only power density given)
• Animal embryo model; generalizability to humans not established in the provided abstract
• Exposure schedule details use unclear unit notation (“c”) in the abstract

Suggested hubs

• mechanisms-oxidative-stress (0.9)
  Measures ROS/free radicals, lipid peroxidation (TBARS), DNA oxidation (8-oxo-dG), and antioxidant enzymes under RF exposure.

{
    "study_type": "animal",
    "exposure": {
        "band": "RF",
        "source": "GSM 900 MHz",
        "frequency_mhz": 900,
        "sar_wkg": null,
        "duration": "158–360 h discontinuously (48 c ON, 12 c OFF) in ovo"
    },
    "population": "Japanese quail embryos (in ovo)",
    "sample_size": null,
    "outcomes": [
        "Superoxide (O2·-) levels",
        "Nitrogen oxide (NO·) levels",
        "Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS)",
        "8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG)",
        "Superoxide dismutase activity",
        "Catalase activity"
    ],
    "main_findings": "RF-EMR exposure was associated with significant persistent overproduction of superoxide and nitrogen oxide across all analysis timepoints. Exposed embryos also showed significantly increased TBARS and 8-oxo-dG and significantly decreased superoxide dismutase and catalase activities compared with unexposed embryos.",
    "effect_direction": "harm",
    "limitations": [
        "Sample size not reported in the provided abstract/metadata",
        "No SAR reported (only power density given)",
        "Animal embryo model; generalizability to humans not established in the provided abstract",
        "Exposure schedule details use unclear unit notation (“c”) in the abstract"
    ],
    "evidence_strength": "low",
    "confidence": 0.7399999999999999911182158029987476766109466552734375,
    "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
    "keywords": [
        "radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation",
        "RF-EMR",
        "GSM",
        "900 MHz",
        "low intensity",
        "quail embryos",
        "oxidative stress",
        "reactive oxygen species",
        "superoxide",
        "nitric oxide",
        "TBARS",
        "8-oxo-dG",
        "DNA oxidative damage",
        "antioxidant enzymes"
    ],
    "suggested_hubs": [
        {
            "slug": "mechanisms-oxidative-stress",
            "weight": 0.90000000000000002220446049250313080847263336181640625,
            "reason": "Measures ROS/free radicals, lipid peroxidation (TBARS), DNA oxidation (8-oxo-dG), and antioxidant enzymes under RF exposure."
        }
    ]
}

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