Interstitial space between cells in the left and right lobes of rat brains exposed to 900, 1800 and 2100 MHz

{
    "publication_year": 2023,
    "study_type": "animal",
    "exposure": {
        "band": "RF",
        "source": "mobile phone",
        "frequency_mhz": null,
        "sar_wkg": null,
        "duration": "3 h/day for one month"
    },
    "population": "Wistar Albino rats",
    "sample_size": 28,
    "outcomes": [
        "Interstitial space between brain cells (left and right lobes) measured by electron microscopy"
    ],
    "main_findings": "In 28 rats randomized to sham control or 900/1800/2100 MHz exposure, all three RF frequencies were reported to increase the interstitial space between brain cells in both left and right lobes after 3 h/day exposure for one month. The authors report the maximum effective frequency was 1800 MHz for the right lobe and 2100 MHz for the left lobe.",
    "effect_direction": "harm",
    "limitations": [
        "Animal study; human relevance is uncertain.",
        "Small group sizes (n=7 per group).",
        "SAR/dosimetry details are not provided in the abstract.",
        "Only one outcome (interstitial space) is described; functional/clinical correlates are not reported.",
        "Authors note further studies are needed to confirm findings."
    ],
    "evidence_strength": "low",
    "confidence": 0.7800000000000000266453525910037569701671600341796875,
    "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
    "stance": "concern",
    "stance_confidence": 0.7199999999999999733546474089962430298328399658203125,
    "summary": "This rat study examined whether 900, 1800, or 2100 MHz radiofrequency radiation affects the interstitial space between brain cells in left and right lobes. Rats exposed 3 hours per day for one month reportedly showed increased interstitial space in both lobes at all three frequencies compared with sham controls. The authors call for further studies and mention the need for risk assessment given other research on potential tumor outcomes.",
    "key_points": [
        "Twenty-eight Wistar Albino rats were randomized into sham control and three RF exposure groups (900, 1800, 2100 MHz).",
        "Exposure was conducted for 3 hours per day over one month.",
        "Brains were examined by electron microscopy after the final exposure.",
        "All three RF frequencies were reported to increase interstitial space between brain cells in both lobes.",
        "The largest reported effect differed by lobe (1800 MHz right, 2100 MHz left).",
        "The abstract does not report SAR or other detailed dosimetry parameters.",
        "The authors state that additional studies are needed to confirm and clarify the observed effects."
    ],
    "categories": [
        "Animal Studies",
        "Radiofrequency (RF)",
        "Brain & Nervous System"
    ],
    "tags": [
        "Rat Study",
        "Wistar Albino Rats",
        "Radiofrequency Radiation",
        "900 MHz",
        "1800 MHz",
        "2100 MHz",
        "Brain Lobes",
        "Electron Microscopy",
        "Interstitial Space",
        "Mobile Phone Exposure"
    ],
    "keywords": [
        "radiofrequency radiation",
        "900 MHz",
        "1800 MHz",
        "2100 MHz",
        "rat brain",
        "interstitial space",
        "electron microscopy"
    ],
    "suggested_hubs": [
        {
            "slug": "cell-phones",
            "weight": 0.7199999999999999733546474089962430298328399658203125,
            "reason": "The study frames exposure as relevant to mobile phone conversations and uses common mobile communication frequencies."
        }
    ],
    "social": {
        "tweet": "Rat study (n=28) reports that 900, 1800, and 2100 MHz RF exposure (3 h/day for 1 month) increased the interstitial space between brain cells in both left and right lobes; authors call for further confirmation and risk assessment.",
        "facebook": "A laboratory study in 28 Wistar Albino rats examined 900, 1800, and 2100 MHz radiofrequency radiation (3 hours/day for one month). Using electron microscopy, the authors report increased interstitial space between brain cells in both left and right lobes across all exposure frequencies, and they note that more research is needed to confirm and clarify these findings.",
        "linkedin": "Animal study in Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment (2023) reports that 900/1800/2100 MHz RF exposure (3 h/day for 1 month) increased interstitial space between brain cells in both lobes of rat brains (n=28). The abstract does not provide SAR/dosimetry details and the authors call for further studies for confirmation and risk assessment."
    }
}

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