Regulation of skeletal myogenesis in C2C12 cells through modulation of Pax7, MyoD, and myogenin via different low-frequency electromagnetic field energies.

PAPER pubmed Technology and health care : official journal of the European Society for Engineering and Medicine 2022 In vitro study Effect: benefit Evidence: Low

Read original paper → DOI: 10.3233/thc-thc228034 PMID: 35124612 Evidence Lab

Abstract

BACKGROUND: A low-frequency electromagnetic field (LF-EMF) exerts important biological effects on the human body. OBJECTIVE: We previously studied the immunity and atrophy of gastrocnemius muscles in rats with spinal cord injuries and found that LF-EMF with a magnetic flux density of 1.5 mT exerted excellent therapeutic and preventive effects on reducing myotubes and increasing spatium intermusculare. However, the effects of LF-EMF on all stages of skeletal myogenesis, such as activation, proliferation, differentiation, and fusion of satellite cells to myotubes as stimulated by myogenic regulatoryfactors (MRFs), have not been fully elucidated. METHODS: This study investigated the optimal LF-EMF magnetic flux density that exerted maximal effects on all stages of C2C12 cell skeletal myogenesis as well as its impact on regulatory MRFs. RESULTS: The results showed that an LF-EMF with a magnetic flux density of 2.0 mT could activate C2C12 cells and upregulate the proliferation-promoting transcription factor PAX7. On the other hand, 1.5 mT EMF could upregulate the expression of MyoD and myogenin. CONCLUSION: LF-EMF could prevent the disappearance of myotubes, with different magnetic flux densities of LF-EMF exerting independent and positive effects on skeletal myogenesis such as satellite cell activation and proliferation, muscle cell differentiation, and myocyte fusion.

AI evidence extraction

At a glance

Study type

In vitro study

Effect direction

benefit

Population

C2C12 cells

Sample size

—

Exposure

ELF

Evidence strength

Low

Confidence: 74% · Peer-reviewed: yes

Main findings

LF-EMF at 2.0 mT activated C2C12 cells and upregulated the proliferation-promoting transcription factor PAX7. LF-EMF at 1.5 mT upregulated MyoD and myogenin expression. The authors conclude that different magnetic flux densities exert independent positive effects across stages of skeletal myogenesis and may prevent myotube disappearance.

Outcomes measured

C2C12 cell activation
Satellite cell activation and proliferation markers (Pax7/PAX7)
Myogenic differentiation markers (MyoD, myogenin)
Myotube disappearance / maintenance
Myocyte fusion

Limitations

Frequency of the LF-EMF exposure not reported in the abstract
Exposure duration and regimen not reported in the abstract
Sample size and statistical details not reported in the abstract
In vitro model (C2C12 cells), which may not generalize to in vivo or human outcomes

View raw extracted JSON

{
    "study_type": "in_vitro",
    "exposure": {
        "band": "ELF",
        "source": null,
        "frequency_mhz": null,
        "sar_wkg": null,
        "duration": null
    },
    "population": "C2C12 cells",
    "sample_size": null,
    "outcomes": [
        "C2C12 cell activation",
        "Satellite cell activation and proliferation markers (Pax7/PAX7)",
        "Myogenic differentiation markers (MyoD, myogenin)",
        "Myotube disappearance / maintenance",
        "Myocyte fusion"
    ],
    "main_findings": "LF-EMF at 2.0 mT activated C2C12 cells and upregulated the proliferation-promoting transcription factor PAX7. LF-EMF at 1.5 mT upregulated MyoD and myogenin expression. The authors conclude that different magnetic flux densities exert independent positive effects across stages of skeletal myogenesis and may prevent myotube disappearance.",
    "effect_direction": "benefit",
    "limitations": [
        "Frequency of the LF-EMF exposure not reported in the abstract",
        "Exposure duration and regimen not reported in the abstract",
        "Sample size and statistical details not reported in the abstract",
        "In vitro model (C2C12 cells), which may not generalize to in vivo or human outcomes"
    ],
    "evidence_strength": "low",
    "confidence": 0.7399999999999999911182158029987476766109466552734375,
    "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
    "keywords": [
        "low-frequency electromagnetic field",
        "LF-EMF",
        "ELF",
        "magnetic flux density",
        "mT",
        "C2C12",
        "skeletal myogenesis",
        "Pax7",
        "MyoD",
        "myogenin",
        "myotube",
        "satellite cells"
    ],
    "suggested_hubs": []
}

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AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract/metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This content is for informational purposes only and is not medical advice.

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