The effects of prenatal and postnatal exposure to electromagnetic field on rat ovarian tissue.

Abstract

Exposure to an electromagnetic field (EMF) can have adverse effects on many organs and tissues, including the reproductive system. This study aimed to investigate the effects of EMF exposure during prenatal and postnatal periods on ovarian development in rat offspring. In this study, rat pups born from eight pregnant rats were used. EMF exposure was initiated on the first day of pregnancy and continued until the 42nd postnatal day. The blood and ovarian tissue samples of female offspring in sham and EMF groups were collected when they reached the age of 42 days. Follicle-stimulating hormone levels were significantly higher in the EMF group than in the sham group. Estradiol levels were significantly lower in the EMF group than in the sham group. Tissue-inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) levels and expression were significantly greater in the EMF group than in the sham group. In the EMF group, congestion, bleeding areas, and degeneration of follicle structures were observed in ovarian tissue. The findings suggest that exposure to 50-Hz, 3-mT EMF used in this study during prenatal and postnatal periods may lead to impaired ovarian structure and function in female offspring. EMF may affect ovarian physiology by increasing iNOS levels and may lead to fertility disorders.

AI evidence extraction

Main findings

Female offspring exposed to 50-Hz, 3-mT EMF from prenatal day 1 through postnatal day 42 had higher FSH, lower estradiol, and higher ovarian iNOS levels/expression versus sham. Histological changes in the EMF group included congestion, bleeding areas, and degeneration of follicle structures, suggesting impaired ovarian structure and function.

Outcomes measured

• Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels
• Estradiol levels
• Ovarian tissue iNOS levels and expression
• Ovarian histopathology (congestion, bleeding areas, follicle degeneration)

Limitations

• Exposure source/setup not described in the abstract
• Sample size per group for offspring not reported in the abstract
• Only one exposure level (50 Hz, 3 mT) described in the abstract
• Endpoints assessed at a single time point (42 days)

Suggested hubs

• occupational-exposure (0.2)
  Study involves relatively high-intensity 50-Hz magnetic field exposure (3 mT), which is more comparable to some occupational/industrial ELF scenarios than typical consumer exposures.

{
    "study_type": "animal",
    "exposure": {
        "band": "ELF",
        "source": null,
        "frequency_mhz": 0.05000000000000000277555756156289135105907917022705078125,
        "sar_wkg": null,
        "duration": "From first day of pregnancy until 42nd postnatal day"
    },
    "population": "Rat offspring (female pups) born from eight pregnant rats",
    "sample_size": null,
    "outcomes": [
        "Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels",
        "Estradiol levels",
        "Ovarian tissue iNOS levels and expression",
        "Ovarian histopathology (congestion, bleeding areas, follicle degeneration)"
    ],
    "main_findings": "Female offspring exposed to 50-Hz, 3-mT EMF from prenatal day 1 through postnatal day 42 had higher FSH, lower estradiol, and higher ovarian iNOS levels/expression versus sham. Histological changes in the EMF group included congestion, bleeding areas, and degeneration of follicle structures, suggesting impaired ovarian structure and function.",
    "effect_direction": "harm",
    "limitations": [
        "Exposure source/setup not described in the abstract",
        "Sample size per group for offspring not reported in the abstract",
        "Only one exposure level (50 Hz, 3 mT) described in the abstract",
        "Endpoints assessed at a single time point (42 days)"
    ],
    "evidence_strength": "low",
    "confidence": 0.7800000000000000266453525910037569701671600341796875,
    "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
    "keywords": [
        "ELF-EMF",
        "50 Hz",
        "3 mT",
        "prenatal exposure",
        "postnatal exposure",
        "rat",
        "ovary",
        "FSH",
        "estradiol",
        "iNOS",
        "histopathology",
        "follicle degeneration"
    ],
    "suggested_hubs": [
        {
            "slug": "occupational-exposure",
            "weight": 0.200000000000000011102230246251565404236316680908203125,
            "reason": "Study involves relatively high-intensity 50-Hz magnetic field exposure (3 mT), which is more comparable to some occupational/industrial ELF scenarios than typical consumer exposures."
        }
    ]
}

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