Impact of Long-Term RF-EMF on Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation in Aging Brains of C57BL/6 Mice.

Abstract

The expansion of mobile phone use has raised questions regarding the possible biological effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) exposure on oxidative stress and brain inflammation. Despite accumulative exposure of humans to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMFs) from mobile phones, their long-term effects on oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in the aging brain have not been studied. In the present study, middle-aged C57BL/6 mice (aged 14 months) were exposed to 1950 MHz electromagnetic fields for 8 months (specific absorption rate (SAR) 5 W/kg, 2 h/day, 5 d/week). Compared with those in the young group, levels of protein (3-nitro-tyrosine) and lipid (4-hydroxy-2-nonenal) oxidative damage markers were significantly increased in the brains of aged mice. In addition, levels of markers for DNA damage (8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, p53, p21, γH2AX, and Bax), apoptosis (cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1)), astrocyte (GFAP), and microglia (Iba-1) were significantly elevated in the brains of aged mice. However, long-term RF-EMF exposure did not change the levels of oxidative stress, DNA damage, apoptosis, astrocyte, or microglia markers in the aged mouse brains. Moreover, long-term RF-EMF exposure did not alter locomotor activity in aged mice. Therefore, these findings indicate that long-term exposure to RF-EMF did not influence age-induced oxidative stress or neuroinflammation in C57BL/6 mice.

AI evidence extraction

Main findings

Aging was associated with significantly increased oxidative damage, DNA damage, apoptosis, and glial activation markers in mouse brains compared with a young group. Long-term 1950 MHz RF-EMF exposure (SAR 5 W/kg, 2 h/day, 5 d/week for 8 months) did not change oxidative stress, DNA damage, apoptosis, astrocyte or microglia markers, and did not alter locomotor activity in aged mice.

Outcomes measured

• Oxidative damage markers (3-nitro-tyrosine; 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal)
• DNA damage markers (8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine; p53; p21; γH2AX; Bax)
• Apoptosis markers (cleaved caspase-3; cleaved PARP-1)
• Astrocyte marker (GFAP)
• Microglia marker (Iba-1)
• Locomotor activity

Limitations

• Sample size not reported in provided abstract/metadata
• Details of exposure setup (e.g., modulation, dosimetry verification, sham conditions) not provided in abstract
• Outcome assessment methods and brain regions analyzed not specified in abstract

Suggested hubs

• mobile-phones (0.6)
  Exposure described as RF-EMF from mobile phones at 1950 MHz.

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    "study_type": "animal",
    "exposure": {
        "band": "RF",
        "source": "mobile phone",
        "frequency_mhz": 1950,
        "sar_wkg": 5,
        "duration": "2 h/day, 5 d/week for 8 months"
    },
    "population": "Middle-aged/aged C57BL/6 mice (aged 14 months at start); comparisons also described vs young group",
    "sample_size": null,
    "outcomes": [
        "Oxidative damage markers (3-nitro-tyrosine; 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal)",
        "DNA damage markers (8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine; p53; p21; γH2AX; Bax)",
        "Apoptosis markers (cleaved caspase-3; cleaved PARP-1)",
        "Astrocyte marker (GFAP)",
        "Microglia marker (Iba-1)",
        "Locomotor activity"
    ],
    "main_findings": "Aging was associated with significantly increased oxidative damage, DNA damage, apoptosis, and glial activation markers in mouse brains compared with a young group. Long-term 1950 MHz RF-EMF exposure (SAR 5 W/kg, 2 h/day, 5 d/week for 8 months) did not change oxidative stress, DNA damage, apoptosis, astrocyte or microglia markers, and did not alter locomotor activity in aged mice.",
    "effect_direction": "no_effect",
    "limitations": [
        "Sample size not reported in provided abstract/metadata",
        "Details of exposure setup (e.g., modulation, dosimetry verification, sham conditions) not provided in abstract",
        "Outcome assessment methods and brain regions analyzed not specified in abstract"
    ],
    "evidence_strength": "low",
    "confidence": 0.7800000000000000266453525910037569701671600341796875,
    "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
    "keywords": [
        "RF-EMF",
        "1950 MHz",
        "SAR 5 W/kg",
        "C57BL/6 mice",
        "aging brain",
        "oxidative stress",
        "neuroinflammation",
        "DNA damage",
        "apoptosis",
        "GFAP",
        "Iba-1",
        "locomotor activity"
    ],
    "suggested_hubs": [
        {
            "slug": "mobile-phones",
            "weight": 0.59999999999999997779553950749686919152736663818359375,
            "reason": "Exposure described as RF-EMF from mobile phones at 1950 MHz."
        }
    ]
}

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