Modulation of antioxidant enzyme gene expression by extremely low frequency electromagnetic field in post-stroke patients.

Abstract

Oxidative stress plays the most important role in the pathogenesis of stroke. Extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) therapy may be complementary in post-stroke therapy, as it modulates oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) levels of certain antioxidant genes in post-stroke patients given ELF-EMF therapy. Forty-eight post-stroke patients were divided into two groups: an ELF-EMF group and a non-ELF-EMF group. All patients underwent the same program of physical therapy, but the ELF-EMF group was additionally given ELF-EMF treatment. In order to determine the level of gene expression, we evaluated the level of mRNA expression of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase. We observed that after ELF-EMF therapy, the mRNA expression of the studied genes (CAT, SOD1, SOD2, GPx1, and GPx4) significantly increased, which enhanced the antioxidant defence of the body. ELF-EMF therapy intensifies the endogenous antioxidant system by increasing the mRNA expression of genes encoding antioxidant enzymes and enhances the effectiveness of post-stroke patient therapy.

AI evidence extraction

Main findings

In 48 post-stroke patients, those receiving additional ELF-EMF therapy showed a significant increase in mRNA expression of CAT, SOD1, SOD2, GPx1, and GPx4 after therapy, compared with the non-ELF-EMF group. The authors interpret this as enhanced antioxidant defence and improved effectiveness of post-stroke therapy.

Outcomes measured

• mRNA expression of antioxidant enzyme genes (CAT, SOD1, SOD2, GPx1, GPx4)
• Antioxidant defence/endogenous antioxidant system (as inferred from gene expression changes)

Limitations

• No ELF-EMF exposure parameters reported (e.g., frequency, intensity, session duration).
• Study design details not provided in abstract (e.g., randomization, blinding, allocation method).
• Clinical outcomes are not described; outcomes reported are gene expression measures.

Suggested hubs

• occupational-exposure (0.05)
  ELF-EMF is studied, but this appears to be therapeutic exposure rather than occupational; hub match is weak.

{
    "study_type": "other",
    "exposure": {
        "band": "ELF",
        "source": "therapy",
        "frequency_mhz": null,
        "sar_wkg": null,
        "duration": null
    },
    "population": "Post-stroke patients",
    "sample_size": 48,
    "outcomes": [
        "mRNA expression of antioxidant enzyme genes (CAT, SOD1, SOD2, GPx1, GPx4)",
        "Antioxidant defence/endogenous antioxidant system (as inferred from gene expression changes)"
    ],
    "main_findings": "In 48 post-stroke patients, those receiving additional ELF-EMF therapy showed a significant increase in mRNA expression of CAT, SOD1, SOD2, GPx1, and GPx4 after therapy, compared with the non-ELF-EMF group. The authors interpret this as enhanced antioxidant defence and improved effectiveness of post-stroke therapy.",
    "effect_direction": "benefit",
    "limitations": [
        "No ELF-EMF exposure parameters reported (e.g., frequency, intensity, session duration).",
        "Study design details not provided in abstract (e.g., randomization, blinding, allocation method).",
        "Clinical outcomes are not described; outcomes reported are gene expression measures."
    ],
    "evidence_strength": "low",
    "confidence": 0.7399999999999999911182158029987476766109466552734375,
    "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
    "keywords": [
        "extremely low frequency electromagnetic field",
        "ELF-EMF",
        "stroke",
        "post-stroke therapy",
        "oxidative stress",
        "antioxidant enzymes",
        "gene expression",
        "catalase",
        "superoxide dismutase",
        "glutathione peroxidase",
        "mRNA"
    ],
    "suggested_hubs": [
        {
            "slug": "occupational-exposure",
            "weight": 0.05000000000000000277555756156289135105907917022705078125,
            "reason": "ELF-EMF is studied, but this appears to be therapeutic exposure rather than occupational; hub match is weak."
        }
    ]
}

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