Anthelmintic Efficacy of Rosemary Oil and Its Nanoemulsion Against the Monogenean Parasite, , in Yellowtail Kingfish ().

Abstract

This study evaluated the anthelmintic efficacy of rosemary oil delivered as a nanoemulsion compared with regular rosemary oil against the monogenean parasite in yellowtail kingfish (YTK; ). A 20-day feeding trial tested three dietary treatments: two levels of regular rosemary oil (providing 0.85 and 1.7 g cineole·kg feed) and a rosemary-oil nanoemulsion (providing 0.85 g cineole·kg feed), against a control diet without rosemary oil. Juvenile fish (293 ± 5 g) were pre-exposed to oncomiracidia before the trial, resulting in an initial mean parasite abundance of 97 ± 4 per fish. At trial completion, plasma cineole concentrations were highest in fish receiving the high-dose regular rosemary oil diet, followed by the nanoemulsion diet, and then the low-dose regular rosemary oil. These plasma levels closely matched treatment efficacy: fish fed the high-dose diet exhibited the lowest mean abundance of , followed by those receiving the nanoemulsion and low-dose diets. A similar pattern was observed for juvenile parasite recruitment. Across parasite developmental stages, all rosemary-oil treatments significantly reduced the proportion of juvenile relative to the control. Growth performance and feed intake did not differ among treatments. Plasma biochemistry remained unchanged, and no histopathological alterations were detected in liver or kidney tissues. Overall, these findings demonstrate that dietary rosemary oil effectively transfers cineole into the blood of YTK and reduces infection and that application of the rosemary oil in a nanoemulsion further increases cineole uptake.

AI evidence extraction

Main findings

Plasma cineole concentrations were highest in fish receiving high-dose regular rosemary oil, followed by the nanoemulsion and then low-dose regular rosemary oil; this pattern matched reductions in parasite abundance and juvenile recruitment. All rosemary-oil treatments significantly reduced the proportion of juvenile parasites relative to control, with no differences in growth performance, feed intake, plasma biochemistry, or liver/kidney histopathology.

Outcomes measured

• Parasite abundance at trial completion
• Juvenile parasite recruitment
• Proportion of juvenile parasites across developmental stages
• Plasma cineole concentration
• Growth performance
• Feed intake
• Plasma biochemistry
• Liver histopathology
• Kidney histopathology

Limitations

• Sample size not reported in abstract
• Parasite species name not provided in abstract
• Randomization/blinding not described in abstract

{
    "study_type": "animal",
    "exposure": {
        "band": null,
        "source": null,
        "frequency_mhz": null,
        "sar_wkg": null,
        "duration": "20-day feeding trial"
    },
    "population": "Juvenile yellowtail kingfish (YTK) pre-exposed to monogenean oncomiracidia",
    "sample_size": null,
    "outcomes": [
        "Parasite abundance at trial completion",
        "Juvenile parasite recruitment",
        "Proportion of juvenile parasites across developmental stages",
        "Plasma cineole concentration",
        "Growth performance",
        "Feed intake",
        "Plasma biochemistry",
        "Liver histopathology",
        "Kidney histopathology"
    ],
    "main_findings": "Plasma cineole concentrations were highest in fish receiving high-dose regular rosemary oil, followed by the nanoemulsion and then low-dose regular rosemary oil; this pattern matched reductions in parasite abundance and juvenile recruitment. All rosemary-oil treatments significantly reduced the proportion of juvenile parasites relative to control, with no differences in growth performance, feed intake, plasma biochemistry, or liver/kidney histopathology.",
    "effect_direction": "benefit",
    "limitations": [
        "Sample size not reported in abstract",
        "Parasite species name not provided in abstract",
        "Randomization/blinding not described in abstract"
    ],
    "evidence_strength": "low",
    "confidence": 0.7399999999999999911182158029987476766109466552734375,
    "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
    "keywords": [
        "rosemary oil",
        "nanoemulsion",
        "cineole",
        "anthelmintic efficacy",
        "monogenean parasite",
        "yellowtail kingfish",
        "feeding trial",
        "aquaculture"
    ],
    "suggested_hubs": []
}

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