Effects of radiofrequency exposure emitted from a GSM mobile phone on proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of neural stem cells.

Abstract

Due to the importance of neural stem cells (NSCs) in plasticity of the nervous system and treating neurodegenerative diseases, the main goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of radiofrequency radiation emitted from a GSM 900-MHz mobile phone with different exposure duration on proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of adult murine NSCs . We used neurosphere assay to evaluate NSCs proliferation, and immunofluorescence assay of neural cell markers to examine NSCs differentiation. We also employed alamarBlue and caspase 3 apoptosis assays to assess harmful effects of mobile phone on NSCs. Our results showed that the number and size of resulting neurospheres and also the percentage of cells differentiated into neurons decreased significantly with increasing exposure duration to GSM 900-MHz radiofrequency (RF)-electromagnetic field (EMF). In contrast, exposure to GSM 900-MHz RF-EMF at different durations did not influence cell viability and apoptosis of NSCs and also their astrocytic differentiation. It is concluded that accumulating dose of GSM 900-MHz RF-EMF might have devastating effects on NSCs proliferation and neurogenesis requiring more causations in terms of using mobile devices.

AI evidence extraction

Main findings

Increasing exposure duration to GSM 900-MHz RF-EMF significantly decreased neurosphere number and size and reduced the percentage of cells differentiated into neurons. Exposure at different durations did not influence NSC viability, apoptosis, or astrocytic differentiation.

Outcomes measured

• NSC proliferation (neurosphere number and size)
• NSC differentiation into neurons
• NSC astrocytic differentiation
• cell viability (alamarBlue)
• apoptosis (caspase 3 assay)

Limitations

• Sample size not reported in abstract
• Specific exposure durations and dosimetry (e.g., SAR) not reported in abstract
• In vitro study in murine cells; generalizability to humans not addressed in abstract

Suggested hubs

• mobile-phones (0.9)
  Study tests RF exposure emitted from a GSM mobile phone.

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    "exposure": {
        "band": "RF",
        "source": "mobile phone",
        "frequency_mhz": 900,
        "sar_wkg": null,
        "duration": "different exposure duration; effects increased with increasing exposure duration"
    },
    "population": "adult murine neural stem cells (NSCs)",
    "sample_size": null,
    "outcomes": [
        "NSC proliferation (neurosphere number and size)",
        "NSC differentiation into neurons",
        "NSC astrocytic differentiation",
        "cell viability (alamarBlue)",
        "apoptosis (caspase 3 assay)"
    ],
    "main_findings": "Increasing exposure duration to GSM 900-MHz RF-EMF significantly decreased neurosphere number and size and reduced the percentage of cells differentiated into neurons. Exposure at different durations did not influence NSC viability, apoptosis, or astrocytic differentiation.",
    "effect_direction": "mixed",
    "limitations": [
        "Sample size not reported in abstract",
        "Specific exposure durations and dosimetry (e.g., SAR) not reported in abstract",
        "In vitro study in murine cells; generalizability to humans not addressed in abstract"
    ],
    "evidence_strength": "low",
    "confidence": 0.7800000000000000266453525910037569701671600341796875,
    "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
    "keywords": [
        "radiofrequency",
        "RF-EMF",
        "GSM",
        "900 MHz",
        "mobile phone",
        "neural stem cells",
        "neurosphere assay",
        "proliferation",
        "differentiation",
        "neurogenesis",
        "apoptosis",
        "alamarBlue",
        "caspase 3"
    ],
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