[Effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic field and its combination with lead on the antioxidant system in mouse].

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic field(ELF EMF) and its combination with lead on the antioxidant system in mouse brain and liver tissues. METHOD: Mice were exposed to a 50 Hz sinusoidal 0.2 mT or 6.0 mT EMF for 2 weeks. At the same time, some groups were exposed to lead(50 mg/kg). After the exposure, the antioxidant system and cell membrane fluidity in brain and liver were measured. RESULTS: Malondiadehyde(MDA) content in brain and liver increased from the control levels of (1.33 +/- 0.12) and (3.95 +/- 0.21) nmol/mg pro to (1.35 +/- 0.09) and (6.15 +/- 0.28) nmol/mg pro respectively following 0.2 mT exposure, and to (3.98 +/- 0.10) and (6.50 +/- 0.79) nmol/mg pro respectively following 6.0 mT exposure. Total antioxidant capability(T-AOC) in brain and liver decreased from the control levels of (4.39 +/- 0.48) and (2.45 +/- 0.21) U/mg pro to (3.99 +/- 0.39) and (1.92 +/- 0.32) U/mg pro respectively following 0.2 mT, and to (3.12 +/- 0.37) and (1.57 +/- 0.14) U/mg pro respectively following 6.0 mT. GSH content decreased only in liver tissue from the control level of (194.60 +/- 20.93) mg/g pro to (189.24 +/- 5.61) mg/g pro(0.2 mT) and (153.04 +/- 1.18) mg/g pro(6.0 mT). Cellular membrane fluidity decreased from the control levels of (1.396 +/- 0.040) and (2.899 +/- 0.552) to (1.224 +/- 0.190) and (1.894 +/- 0.0761) (0.2 mT), (1.159 +/- 0.179) and (1.516 +/- 0.204)(6.0 mT) respectively. Compared with single EMF exposure(6.0 mT), EMF combined with lead exposure induced remarkable increase in MDA, GSH content and T-AOC and decrease in cell membrane fluidity both in the brain and liver, and increase in SOD activity only in liver. CONCLUSION: ELF EMF might alter the metabolism of free radicals, decrease anti-oxidant capability and enhance lipid peroxidation. The combination of EMF with lead showed synergic effects on lipid peroxidation.

AI evidence extraction

Main findings

Mice exposed to 50 Hz EMF (0.2 mT or 6.0 mT) for 2 weeks showed increased MDA in brain and liver and decreased T-AOC in brain and liver versus controls; GSH decreased in liver, and cell membrane fluidity decreased in brain and liver. Compared with 6.0 mT EMF alone, combined exposure with lead (50 mg/kg) was reported to produce a more marked increase in MDA, GSH and T-AOC, a decrease in membrane fluidity in brain and liver, and an increase in SOD activity in liver.

Outcomes measured

• Malondialdehyde (MDA) in brain and liver
• Total antioxidant capability (T-AOC) in brain and liver
• Glutathione (GSH) content (reported for liver)
• Cell membrane fluidity in brain and liver
• Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (reported for liver in combined exposure comparison)

Limitations

• Sample size not reported in abstract
• Details of exposure regimen (e.g., hours/day) not reported in abstract
• Statistical testing/significance not reported in abstract
• Lead-only group results not described in abstract
• Some reported directions for combined exposure (e.g., increases in GSH and T-AOC) are not fully contextualized in the abstract

Suggested hubs

• occupational-exposure (0.55)
  Published in an industrial hygiene/occupational diseases journal and involves ELF exposure relevant to workplace settings.

{
    "study_type": "animal",
    "exposure": {
        "band": "ELF",
        "source": null,
        "frequency_mhz": 5.00000000000000023960868011929647991564706899225711822509765625e-5,
        "sar_wkg": null,
        "duration": "2 weeks"
    },
    "population": "Mice",
    "sample_size": null,
    "outcomes": [
        "Malondialdehyde (MDA) in brain and liver",
        "Total antioxidant capability (T-AOC) in brain and liver",
        "Glutathione (GSH) content (reported for liver)",
        "Cell membrane fluidity in brain and liver",
        "Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (reported for liver in combined exposure comparison)"
    ],
    "main_findings": "Mice exposed to 50 Hz EMF (0.2 mT or 6.0 mT) for 2 weeks showed increased MDA in brain and liver and decreased T-AOC in brain and liver versus controls; GSH decreased in liver, and cell membrane fluidity decreased in brain and liver. Compared with 6.0 mT EMF alone, combined exposure with lead (50 mg/kg) was reported to produce a more marked increase in MDA, GSH and T-AOC, a decrease in membrane fluidity in brain and liver, and an increase in SOD activity in liver.",
    "effect_direction": "harm",
    "limitations": [
        "Sample size not reported in abstract",
        "Details of exposure regimen (e.g., hours/day) not reported in abstract",
        "Statistical testing/significance not reported in abstract",
        "Lead-only group results not described in abstract",
        "Some reported directions for combined exposure (e.g., increases in GSH and T-AOC) are not fully contextualized in the abstract"
    ],
    "evidence_strength": "low",
    "confidence": 0.7399999999999999911182158029987476766109466552734375,
    "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
    "keywords": [
        "extremely low frequency",
        "ELF EMF",
        "50 Hz",
        "mouse",
        "brain",
        "liver",
        "oxidative stress",
        "antioxidant system",
        "lipid peroxidation",
        "malondialdehyde",
        "T-AOC",
        "GSH",
        "SOD",
        "cell membrane fluidity",
        "lead",
        "combined exposure",
        "synergistic effects"
    ],
    "suggested_hubs": [
        {
            "slug": "occupational-exposure",
            "weight": 0.5500000000000000444089209850062616169452667236328125,
            "reason": "Published in an industrial hygiene/occupational diseases journal and involves ELF exposure relevant to workplace settings."
        }
    ]
}

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