A wireless magnetoresistive sensing system for an intraoral tongue-computer interface.

Abstract

Tongue drive system (TDS) is a tongue-operated, minimally invasive, unobtrusive, and wireless assistive technology (AT) that infers users' intentions by detecting their voluntary tongue motion and translating them into user-defined commands. Here we present the new intraoral version of the TDS (iTDS), which has been implemented in the form of a dental retainer. The iTDS system-on-a-chip (SoC) features a configurable analog front-end (AFE) that reads the magnetic field variations inside the mouth from four 3-axial magnetoresistive sensors located at four corners of the iTDS printed circuit board (PCB). A dual-band transmitter (Tx) on the same chip operates at 27 and 432 MHz in the Industrial/Scientific/Medical (ISM) band to allow users to switch in the presence of external interference. The Tx streams the digitized samples to a custom-designed TDS universal interface, built from commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) components, which delivers the iTDS data to other devices such as smartphones, personal computers (PC), and powered wheelchairs (PWC). Another key block on the iTDS SoC is the power management integrated circuit (PMIC), which provides individually regulated and duty-cycled 1.8 V supplies for sensors, AFE, Tx, and digital control blocks. The PMIC also charges a 50 mAh Li-ion battery with constant current up to 4.2 V, and recovers data and clock to update its configuration register through a 13.56 MHz inductive link. The iTDS SoC has been implemented in a 0.5-μm standard CMOS process and consumes 3.7 mW on average.

AI evidence extraction

Main findings

Describes an intraoral tongue drive system implemented as a dental retainer with four 3-axial magnetoresistive sensors and an on-chip dual-band transmitter operating at 27 and 432 MHz (ISM bands), plus a 13.56 MHz inductive link for configuration. The system-on-a-chip was implemented in 0.5-μm CMOS and reported average power consumption of 3.7 mW.

{
    "study_type": "engineering",
    "exposure": {
        "band": "RF",
        "source": "wireless assistive technology (intraoral tongue-computer interface)",
        "frequency_mhz": null,
        "sar_wkg": null,
        "duration": null
    },
    "population": null,
    "sample_size": null,
    "outcomes": [],
    "main_findings": "Describes an intraoral tongue drive system implemented as a dental retainer with four 3-axial magnetoresistive sensors and an on-chip dual-band transmitter operating at 27 and 432 MHz (ISM bands), plus a 13.56 MHz inductive link for configuration. The system-on-a-chip was implemented in 0.5-μm CMOS and reported average power consumption of 3.7 mW.",
    "effect_direction": "unclear",
    "limitations": [],
    "evidence_strength": "insufficient",
    "confidence": 0.7399999999999999911182158029987476766109466552734375,
    "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
    "keywords": [
        "tongue drive system",
        "intraoral",
        "dental retainer",
        "magnetoresistive sensors",
        "wireless",
        "dual-band transmitter",
        "27 MHz",
        "432 MHz",
        "ISM band",
        "inductive link",
        "13.56 MHz",
        "CMOS",
        "power management",
        "assistive technology"
    ],
    "suggested_hubs": []
}

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