Impact of magnetic fields from tablets, laptops, smartphones, and household/leisure magnets on cardiac implantable electronic devices

Abstract

Category: Cardiology, Electromagnetic Compatibility Tags: cardiac implantable electronic devices, magnetic fields, information processing devices, electromagnetic interference, medical device safety, arrhythmia, patient awareness DOI: 10.1002/joa3.70106 URL: pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Overview Cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) activate the magnet response at a magnetic flux density of at least 10 gauss (G), which has the potential to cause unintended pacing that may result in discomfort or, in severe situations, dangerous arrhythmias. With the increasing use of magnets in information processing devices such as tablets, laptops, and smartphones, there is a heightened risk for patients with abdominally implanted devices, subcutaneous implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs), or extravascular ICDs. Methods This study investigated the effects of magnetic fields generated by a variety of information processing devices and household/leisure magnets on 13 different CIED models. Researchers examined the relationship between magnetic field exposure and magnet mode activation across various manufacturers' devices. Findings - The magnet materials tested exhibited maximum magnetic flux densities ranging from 290 to 1360 G. - Magnetic flux density hotspots in devices were primarily found at accessory connectors, speakers, cameras, and microphones (p = 0.0001). - Median activation distances for magnet mode were: - Tablets and laptops: 6.5 mm (range, 4-15 mm) - Smartphones: 5 mm (range, 4-11.3 mm) - Household/leisure magnets: 0.01 mm (activated mainly upon contact, range 0-7 mm) - The furthest distance at which the magnetic flux density dropped below 10 G was observed in tablets and laptops at 18 mm. Conclusion Information processing devices and household/leisure magnets can activate magnet mode or interfere with CIEDs when in close proximity. None of the tested devices activated magnet mode at distances of 20 mm or greater. Given the increasing prevalence of these consumer electronics and the growing use of nonthoracic CIED placements, it is essential to raise awareness among patients regarding the potential health risks and electromagnetic interactions. The study underscores a real and measurable link between proximity to consumer electronic magnetic fields and health risk in people with CIEDs.

AI evidence extraction

Main findings

Magnet materials tested produced maximum magnetic flux densities of 290–1360 G, with hotspots primarily at accessory connectors, speakers, cameras, and microphones (p = 0.0001). Median magnet-mode activation distances were 6.5 mm for tablets/laptops (range 4–15 mm), 5 mm for smartphones (range 4–11.3 mm), and 0.01 mm for household/leisure magnets (mainly upon contact; range 0–7 mm). None of the tested devices activated magnet mode at distances of 20 mm or greater; the furthest distance at which flux density dropped below 10 G was 18 mm for tablets/laptops.

Outcomes measured

• Magnet mode activation (magnet response) in CIEDs
• Magnetic flux density (gauss) and distance thresholds
• Locations of magnetic flux density hotspots in consumer devices

Suggested hubs

• medical-device-interference (0.95)
  Assesses magnetic-field interference (magnet mode activation) in cardiac implantable electronic devices from consumer electronics and magnets.
• consumer-electronics-magnets (0.75)
  Focuses on magnets in tablets/laptops/smartphones and household/leisure magnets as exposure sources.

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    "study_type": "exposure_assessment",
    "exposure": {
        "band": null,
        "source": "tablets, laptops, smartphones, and household/leisure magnets",
        "frequency_mhz": null,
        "sar_wkg": null,
        "duration": null
    },
    "population": "Cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) (13 different models across manufacturers)",
    "sample_size": 13,
    "outcomes": [
        "Magnet mode activation (magnet response) in CIEDs",
        "Magnetic flux density (gauss) and distance thresholds",
        "Locations of magnetic flux density hotspots in consumer devices"
    ],
    "main_findings": "Magnet materials tested produced maximum magnetic flux densities of 290–1360 G, with hotspots primarily at accessory connectors, speakers, cameras, and microphones (p = 0.0001). Median magnet-mode activation distances were 6.5 mm for tablets/laptops (range 4–15 mm), 5 mm for smartphones (range 4–11.3 mm), and 0.01 mm for household/leisure magnets (mainly upon contact; range 0–7 mm). None of the tested devices activated magnet mode at distances of 20 mm or greater; the furthest distance at which flux density dropped below 10 G was 18 mm for tablets/laptops.",
    "effect_direction": "harm",
    "limitations": [],
    "evidence_strength": "low",
    "confidence": 0.7399999999999999911182158029987476766109466552734375,
    "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
    "keywords": [
        "cardiac implantable electronic devices",
        "CIED",
        "magnetic fields",
        "magnetic flux density",
        "magnet mode activation",
        "electromagnetic interference",
        "tablets",
        "laptops",
        "smartphones",
        "household magnets",
        "medical device safety",
        "arrhythmia"
    ],
    "suggested_hubs": [
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            "slug": "medical-device-interference",
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        },
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            "weight": 0.75,
            "reason": "Focuses on magnets in tablets/laptops/smartphones and household/leisure magnets as exposure sources."
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}

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