Estimation of SAR Average in Rats during 5G NR Chronic Exposure

PAPER manual Applied Sciences 2024 Exposure assessment Effect: unclear Evidence: Insufficient

Read original paper → DOI: 10.3390/app14010208 Evidence Lab

Abstract

Estimation of SAR Average in Rats during 5G NR Chronic Exposure Makhmanazarov R, Tseplyaev I, Shipilov S, Krivova N. Estimation of SAR Average in Rats during 5G NR Chronic Exposure. Applied Sciences. 2024; 14(1):208. doi: 10.3390/app14010208. Abstract To study physiological reactions in the brain and skin of higher mammals exposed to chronic radiofrequency radiation, specific absorption ratio (SAR) determination is required and time-consuming numerical methods are used. The paper deals with the estimation of the whole-body specific absorption rate (SAR) in rats chronically exposed to external electromagnetic fields, as well as the development of a laboratory setup simulating the operation of a fifth-generation 5G New Radio base station (with a signal bandwidth of 15 MHz and a carrier frequency of 2.4 GHz). The paper presents a modified method for theoretical SAR estimation for one-sided irradiation and distributed absorption. Mean whole-body SAR values were estimated by the proposed method and numerically modeled with the CST Microwave Studio simulation software 2020package using primitive rat models. Dielectric parameters in the numerical simulation were used from the software library. The IEEE/IEC 62704-1 algorithm was used to investigate SAR in numerical simulations. The theoretical estimates and numerical simulations were compared for different SAR distributions and were found to be qualitatively comparable. The differences between approximate theoretical estimates and numerical simulations are 7% and 10% for distributed and non-distributed absorptions, respectively. The proposed method, which takes into account the decreasing power flux density, can be used to estimate the approximate whole-body SAR during chronic electromagnetic field exposure in rats. Open access paper: mdpi.com

AI evidence extraction

At a glance

Study type

Exposure assessment

Effect direction

unclear

Population

rats

Sample size

—

Exposure

RF base station · 2400 MHz · chronic

Evidence strength

Insufficient

Confidence: 78% · Peer-reviewed: yes

Main findings

The paper proposes a modified theoretical method to estimate mean whole-body SAR in rats under one-sided irradiation and distributed absorption during chronic exposure to a simulated 5G NR base-station-like signal (15 MHz bandwidth, 2.4 GHz carrier). Theoretical estimates were qualitatively comparable to CST Microwave Studio numerical simulations; reported differences were 7% (distributed absorption) and 10% (non-distributed absorption).

Outcomes measured

Whole-body specific absorption rate (SAR) estimation
Comparison of theoretical SAR estimates vs numerical simulations (CST Microwave Studio)
Differences between theoretical estimates and numerical simulations for distributed vs non-distributed absorption

Limitations

Uses primitive rat models in CST Microwave Studio simulations
Dielectric parameters taken from the software library (not measured in-study)
Focuses on SAR estimation/comparison rather than biological or health outcomes

Suggested hubs

5g-policy (0.2)
Study simulates a 5G NR base-station-like signal for chronic exposure SAR estimation in rats.

View raw extracted JSON

{
    "study_type": "exposure_assessment",
    "exposure": {
        "band": "RF",
        "source": "base station",
        "frequency_mhz": 2400,
        "sar_wkg": null,
        "duration": "chronic"
    },
    "population": "rats",
    "sample_size": null,
    "outcomes": [
        "Whole-body specific absorption rate (SAR) estimation",
        "Comparison of theoretical SAR estimates vs numerical simulations (CST Microwave Studio)",
        "Differences between theoretical estimates and numerical simulations for distributed vs non-distributed absorption"
    ],
    "main_findings": "The paper proposes a modified theoretical method to estimate mean whole-body SAR in rats under one-sided irradiation and distributed absorption during chronic exposure to a simulated 5G NR base-station-like signal (15 MHz bandwidth, 2.4 GHz carrier). Theoretical estimates were qualitatively comparable to CST Microwave Studio numerical simulations; reported differences were 7% (distributed absorption) and 10% (non-distributed absorption).",
    "effect_direction": "unclear",
    "limitations": [
        "Uses primitive rat models in CST Microwave Studio simulations",
        "Dielectric parameters taken from the software library (not measured in-study)",
        "Focuses on SAR estimation/comparison rather than biological or health outcomes"
    ],
    "evidence_strength": "insufficient",
    "confidence": 0.7800000000000000266453525910037569701671600341796875,
    "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
    "keywords": [
        "specific absorption rate",
        "SAR",
        "rats",
        "chronic exposure",
        "5G NR",
        "base station",
        "2.4 GHz",
        "15 MHz bandwidth",
        "CST Microwave Studio",
        "IEEE/IEC 62704-1",
        "one-sided irradiation",
        "distributed absorption",
        "power flux density"
    ],
    "suggested_hubs": [
        {
            "slug": "5g-policy",
            "weight": 0.200000000000000011102230246251565404236316680908203125,
            "reason": "Study simulates a 5G NR base-station-like signal for chronic exposure SAR estimation in rats."
        }
    ]
}

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AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract/metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This content is for informational purposes only and is not medical advice.

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