Long-term exposure to electromagnetic radiation from mobile phones can cause considerable changes in the balance of Bax/Bcl2 mRNA expression in the hippocampus of mice

Abstract

Long-term exposure to electromagnetic radiation from mobile phones can cause considerable changes in the balance of Bax/Bcl2 mRNA expression in the hippocampus of mice Fatemeh-Zakieh Tohidi, Arianeh Sadr-Nabavi, Hossein Haghir, Reza Fardid, Houshang Rafatpanah, Hosein Azimian, Mohammad-Hossein Bahreyni-Toossi. Long-term exposure to electromagnetic radiation from mobile phones can cause considerable changes in the balance of Bax/Bcl2 mRNA expression in the hippocampus of mice. Electromagn Biol Med. 2020 Oct 20;1-7. doi: 10.1080/15368378.2020.1830793. Abstract The aim of the present study was the investigation of the effects of mobile phones at different daily exposure times on the hippocampal expression of two apoptotic genes. Forty-eight male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into six groups with 8 animals in each group. Four experimental groups were respectively exposed to electromagnetic waves for 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 hours twice a day for 30 consecutive days. One experimental group was radiated for 4 hours once a day, while the control group did not receive any radiation during the experiment. The expression of both Bax and Bcl2 mRNAs was upregulated in the mice exposed for one and two hours. Whilst the highest expressions were observed in the two-hours radiation in the exposed group, the expression of both studied genes was downregulated in animals with longer exposure to radiation in a duration- dependent manner. The highest ratio of Bax/Bcl2 expression was observed in the mice that received radiation for four hours twice a day. These results revealed that mobile phone radiation can cause considerable changes in the balance of Bax/Bcl2 mRNA expression in laboratory mice hippocampus. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

AI evidence extraction

Main findings

Bax and Bcl2 mRNA expression were upregulated in mice exposed for 1 and 2 hours, with the highest expression at 2 hours. With longer exposure durations, expression of both genes was downregulated in a duration-dependent manner. The highest Bax/Bcl2 ratio was observed in mice exposed for 4 hours twice a day.

Outcomes measured

• Hippocampal Bax mRNA expression
• Hippocampal Bcl2 mRNA expression
• Bax/Bcl2 mRNA expression ratio (hippocampus)

Limitations

• No RF exposure parameters reported (e.g., frequency, SAR).
• Outcome limited to mRNA expression of two apoptotic genes in hippocampus; no functional/behavioral outcomes reported in abstract.
• Small group sizes (8 animals per group).

Suggested hubs

• mobile-phones (0.9)
  Exposure source is mobile phones; study examines biological effects of mobile phone radiation.

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        "source": "mobile phone",
        "frequency_mhz": null,
        "sar_wkg": null,
        "duration": "0.5, 1, 2, or 4 hours twice a day for 30 consecutive days; plus one group 4 hours once a day"
    },
    "population": "Male BALB/c mice",
    "sample_size": 48,
    "outcomes": [
        "Hippocampal Bax mRNA expression",
        "Hippocampal Bcl2 mRNA expression",
        "Bax/Bcl2 mRNA expression ratio (hippocampus)"
    ],
    "main_findings": "Bax and Bcl2 mRNA expression were upregulated in mice exposed for 1 and 2 hours, with the highest expression at 2 hours. With longer exposure durations, expression of both genes was downregulated in a duration-dependent manner. The highest Bax/Bcl2 ratio was observed in mice exposed for 4 hours twice a day.",
    "effect_direction": "mixed",
    "limitations": [
        "No RF exposure parameters reported (e.g., frequency, SAR).",
        "Outcome limited to mRNA expression of two apoptotic genes in hippocampus; no functional/behavioral outcomes reported in abstract.",
        "Small group sizes (8 animals per group)."
    ],
    "evidence_strength": "low",
    "confidence": 0.7800000000000000266453525910037569701671600341796875,
    "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
    "keywords": [
        "mobile phone radiation",
        "electromagnetic waves",
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