Synergistic Effect of Radiofrequency EMF of Dental Light Cure Devices and Mobile Phones Accelerates Microleakage of Amalgam Restorations

Abstract

Synergistic Effect of Radiofrequency EMF of Dental Light Cure Devices and Mobile Phones Accelerates Microleakage of Amalgam Restorations Mortazavi SMJ, Dehghani Nazhvani A, Paknahad M. Synergistic Effect of Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields of Dental Light Cure Devices and Mobile Phones Accelerates the Microleakage of Amalgam Restorations: An in vitro Study. J Biomed Phys Eng. 2019 Apr 1;9(2):227-232. Abstract Background: Previous studies have shown that exposure to electromagnetic fields produced by magnetic resonance imaging or mobile phones can lead to increased microleakage of dental amalgam. Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of electromagnetic field of a commercial dental light cure device and a common GSM mobile phone on microleakage of amalgam restorations. Materials and Methods: Identical class V cavities were prepared on the buccal surfaces of 60 non-carious extracted human teeth. The samples were randomly divided into 4 groups of 20 samples each. The samples in the first group were not exposed to electromagnetic fields, while the second and the third groups were exposed to electromagnetic fields produced by a commercial light cure device, or mobile phone radiation (60 min), respectively. The fourth group was exposed to electromagnetic radiations emitted by both mobile phone for 60 min and light cure device. Then, teeth samples were scored for microleakage according to a standard dye penetration protocol by examination under a stereomicroscope. Results: The mean score of microleakage in the fourth group (light cure + mobile phone) was significantly higher than that of the control group (P =0.030). Moreover, the scores of microleakage in this group were significantly higher than that of the second group (light cure only) (P= 0.043). Conclusion: Exposure of amalgam restorations to electromagnetic fields produced by both light cure devices and mobile phones can synergistically increase the microleakage of amalgam restorations. Open access paper: ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

AI evidence extraction

Main findings

In an in vitro experiment on 60 extracted human teeth, the group exposed to both a dental light cure device and a GSM mobile phone had a significantly higher mean microleakage score than the unexposed control group (P=0.030) and the light-cure-only group (P=0.043). The authors conclude that combined exposure can synergistically increase microleakage of amalgam restorations.

Outcomes measured

• Microleakage of amalgam restorations (dye penetration score)

Limitations

• In vitro study using extracted teeth; clinical relevance to in vivo conditions not established in the abstract.
• Exposure parameters (e.g., frequency, field strength, SAR) are not reported in the abstract.
• Results reported mainly for the combined exposure group versus control and light-cure-only; comparisons involving the mobile-phone-only group are not described in the abstract.
• Sample size per group is unclear/inconsistent in the abstract (states 4 groups of 20 despite total n=60).

Suggested hubs

• mobile-phones-rf (0.78)
  Study includes GSM mobile phone RF exposure.
• dental-emf (0.72)
  Examines EMF from a dental light cure device affecting dental restorations.

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    "study_type": "in_vitro",
    "exposure": {
        "band": "RF",
        "source": "dental light cure device and mobile phone (GSM)",
        "frequency_mhz": null,
        "sar_wkg": null,
        "duration": "60 min (mobile phone exposure; combined group also exposed to light cure device)"
    },
    "population": "Extracted human teeth with class V cavities and amalgam restorations (in vitro)",
    "sample_size": 60,
    "outcomes": [
        "Microleakage of amalgam restorations (dye penetration score)"
    ],
    "main_findings": "In an in vitro experiment on 60 extracted human teeth, the group exposed to both a dental light cure device and a GSM mobile phone had a significantly higher mean microleakage score than the unexposed control group (P=0.030) and the light-cure-only group (P=0.043). The authors conclude that combined exposure can synergistically increase microleakage of amalgam restorations.",
    "effect_direction": "harm",
    "limitations": [
        "In vitro study using extracted teeth; clinical relevance to in vivo conditions not established in the abstract.",
        "Exposure parameters (e.g., frequency, field strength, SAR) are not reported in the abstract.",
        "Results reported mainly for the combined exposure group versus control and light-cure-only; comparisons involving the mobile-phone-only group are not described in the abstract.",
        "Sample size per group is unclear/inconsistent in the abstract (states 4 groups of 20 despite total n=60)."
    ],
    "evidence_strength": "low",
    "confidence": 0.7399999999999999911182158029987476766109466552734375,
    "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
    "keywords": [
        "radiofrequency",
        "electromagnetic fields",
        "GSM",
        "mobile phone",
        "dental light cure device",
        "amalgam",
        "microleakage",
        "in vitro",
        "dye penetration"
    ],
    "suggested_hubs": [
        {
            "slug": "mobile-phones-rf",
            "weight": 0.7800000000000000266453525910037569701671600341796875,
            "reason": "Study includes GSM mobile phone RF exposure."
        },
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            "slug": "dental-emf",
            "weight": 0.7199999999999999733546474089962430298328399658203125,
            "reason": "Examines EMF from a dental light cure device affecting dental restorations."
        }
    ]
}

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