Hippocampal Oxidative Stress Induced by Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Radiation and the Neuroprotective Effects of Aerobic Exercise in Rats: A Randomized Control Trial

PAPER manual Journal of physical activity & health 2021 Animal study Effect: harm Evidence: Low

Read original paper → DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2021-0213 PMID: 34697252 Evidence Lab

Abstract

Hippocampal Oxidative Stress Induced by Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Radiation and the Neuroprotective Effects of Aerobic Exercise in Rats: A Randomized Control Trial Mina Rasouli Mojez, Abbas Ali Gaeini, Siroos Choobineh, Mohsen Sheykhlouvand. Hippocampal Oxidative Stress Induced by Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Radiation and the Neuroprotective Effects of Aerobic Exercise in Rats: A Randomized Control Trial. J Phys Act Health. 2021 Oct 25;1-7. doi: 10.1123/jpah.2021-0213. Abstract Background: The present study determined whether 4 weeks of moderate aerobic exercise improves antioxidant capacity on the brain of rats against oxidative stress caused by radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation emitted from cell phones. Methods: Responses of malondialdehyde, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase, as well as the number of hippocampal dead cells, were examined. Male Wistar rats (10-12 wk old) were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups (N = 8): (1) moderate aerobic exercise (EXE) (2 × 15-30 min at 1215 m/min speed with 5 min of active recovery between sets), (2) exposure to 900/1800 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic waves 3 hours per day (RAD), (3) EXE + RAD, and (4) exposure to an experimental phone without battery. Results: Following the exposure, the number of the hippocampal dead cells was significantly higher in group RAD compared with groups EXE, EXE + RAD, and control group. Malondialdehyde concentration in group RAD was significantly higher than that of groups EXE, EXE + RAD, and control group. Also, the activity of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase in groups EXE, EXE + RAD, and control group was significantly higher compared with those of the exposure group. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that moderate aerobic exercise enhances hippocampal antioxidant capacity against oxidative challenge in the form of radiofrequency electromagnetic waves. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

AI evidence extraction

At a glance

Study type

Animal study

Effect direction

harm

Population

Male Wistar rats (10–12 weeks old)

Sample size

Exposure

RF mobile phone · 3 hours/day for 4 weeks

Evidence strength

Low

Confidence: 78% · Peer-reviewed: yes

Main findings

Rats exposed to 900/1800 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic waves (RAD) had significantly higher hippocampal dead cells and malondialdehyde than EXE, EXE+RAD, and control. Antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase) were significantly higher in EXE, EXE+RAD, and control compared with RAD.

Outcomes measured

Hippocampal malondialdehyde (MDA)
Catalase activity
Glutathione peroxidase activity
Superoxide dismutase activity
Number of hippocampal dead cells

Limitations

Specific SAR or exposure intensity not reported in the abstract
Small group sizes (N=8 per group)
Animal study; generalizability to humans not addressed in the abstract

Suggested hubs

mobile-phones (0.85)
Exposure described as radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation emitted from cell phones (900/1800 MHz).

View raw extracted JSON

{
    "study_type": "animal",
    "exposure": {
        "band": "RF",
        "source": "mobile phone",
        "frequency_mhz": null,
        "sar_wkg": null,
        "duration": "3 hours/day for 4 weeks"
    },
    "population": "Male Wistar rats (10–12 weeks old)",
    "sample_size": 32,
    "outcomes": [
        "Hippocampal malondialdehyde (MDA)",
        "Catalase activity",
        "Glutathione peroxidase activity",
        "Superoxide dismutase activity",
        "Number of hippocampal dead cells"
    ],
    "main_findings": "Rats exposed to 900/1800 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic waves (RAD) had significantly higher hippocampal dead cells and malondialdehyde than EXE, EXE+RAD, and control. Antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase) were significantly higher in EXE, EXE+RAD, and control compared with RAD.",
    "effect_direction": "harm",
    "limitations": [
        "Specific SAR or exposure intensity not reported in the abstract",
        "Small group sizes (N=8 per group)",
        "Animal study; generalizability to humans not addressed in the abstract"
    ],
    "evidence_strength": "low",
    "confidence": 0.7800000000000000266453525910037569701671600341796875,
    "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
    "keywords": [
        "radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation",
        "cell phone",
        "900 MHz",
        "1800 MHz",
        "hippocampus",
        "oxidative stress",
        "malondialdehyde",
        "catalase",
        "glutathione peroxidase",
        "superoxide dismutase",
        "aerobic exercise",
        "rats"
    ],
    "suggested_hubs": [
        {
            "slug": "mobile-phones",
            "weight": 0.84999999999999997779553950749686919152736663818359375,
            "reason": "Exposure described as radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation emitted from cell phones (900/1800 MHz)."
        }
    ]
}

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AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract/metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This content is for informational purposes only and is not medical advice.

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