Low-energy amplitude-modulated radiofrequency electromagnetic fields as a systemic treatment for cancer: Review and proposed mechanisms of action
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Sep 8, 2022
This review discusses low-energy amplitude-modulated RF EMF (27.12 MHz carrier with low Hz–kHz envelope modulation) delivered systemically via intrabuccal antenna devices as a potential treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. It reports preclinical inhibition of cancer growth in vitro and in mouse xenograft…
The effect of long-term radiofrequency exposure on cognition in human observational studies: A protocol for a systematic review.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2022
This paper presents a protocol for a systematic review of human observational studies assessing long-term radiofrequency (100 kHz to 300 GHz) EMF exposure and cognitive outcomes. It plans to include cohort and case-control studies with at least 6 months follow-up and validated cognitive measures, and to evaluate…
Electromagnetic field stimulation facilitates motor neuron excitability, myogenesis and muscle contractility in spinal cord transected rats.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2022
This animal study evaluated whole-body EMF stimulation in a rat model of complete spinal cord injury. Compared with SCI alone, EMF exposure for 7 or 14 days was reported to improve electrophysiological measures of motor neuron excitability and enhance soleus muscle contractile performance. Histopathology and protein…
An Out-of-Phase Wireless Power Transfer System for Implantable Medical Devices to Reduce Human Exposure to Electromagnetic Field and Increase Power Transfer Efficiency.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2022
This engineering study proposes an out-of-phase coupled wireless power transfer system for implantable medical devices intended to reduce electromagnetic field exposure in the tissue region between transmitting and receiving coils. The authors report, via simulation and measurements, lower EMF and higher power…
Effects of prolonged exposure to ELF-EMF on HERVs expression in human melanoma cells.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2022
This in vitro study examined whether 96-hour exposure to 50 Hz ELF-EMF affects expression of human endogenous retroviruses (HERV-H, HERV-K, HERV-W) in SK-MEL-37 human melanoma cells. Cells were continuously exposed at 1.5 or 3 mT and HERV env mRNA levels were measured by qPCR. The authors report significant…
High-specificity protection against radiation-induced bone loss by a pulsed electromagnetic field.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2022
This study reports a noninvasive pulsed-burst electromagnetic field (PEMF) approach intended to protect against radiotherapy-induced bone loss. A 15 Hz, 2 mT PEMF waveform is described as producing distinctive calcium oscillations in osteoblasts and inhibiting radiation-related bone loss while not affecting other…
Thermomagnetic Resonance Effect of the Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Field on Three-Dimensional Cancer Models.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2022
This in vitro study tested an ELF-EMF at a calculated thermal resonant frequency in 2D and 3D culture models of human pancreatic cancer, glioblastoma, and breast cancer. The authors report reduced cell growth and a metabolic shift, including potentiation of coupled and uncoupled respiration and altered transcription…
Measuring Electromagnetic Field Activity Generated by Neurons In Vivo by Humans With Thoughts of Repetitive Motor Activities and Emotional Thoughts.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2022
This study describes a helmet-based, non-contact method to continuously measure electromagnetic field activity associated with human brain neuronal activity during thought tasks. Volunteers performed motor movement, motor imagery, and emotional imagery while brain EMF was recorded. The authors report discernible…
Evaluating the Intrinsic Electromagnetic Field Generated by Neurons From Repetitive Motor Activities in Humans With a Non-contact Non-invasive Electromagnetic Helmet.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2022
This study reports a non-contact, non-invasive helmet system intended to measure intrinsic electromagnetic fields generated by the human brain during stereotyped motor tasks. Volunteers performed repetitive tapping, and the authors report discernible wave changes compared with rest and baseline measurements without a…
Cancer on-target: Selective enhancement of 3-bromopyruvate action by an electromagnetic field in vitro.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2022
This in vitro study tested continuous or pulsed ELF electromagnetic field exposure in human cancer cells treated with the anticancer agent 3-bromopyruvate (3BP). The authors report that ELF-EMF enhanced 3BP anti-cancer activity, which they link to reduced TNFα secretion, p21/p27-associated G2/M arrest, and cancer…
Pulsed and Discontinuous Electromagnetic Field Exposure Decreases Temozolomide Resistance in Glioblastoma by Modulating the Expression of O-Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase, Cyclin-D1, and p53.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2021
This in vitro study evaluated 50 Hz, 70 G electromagnetic field exposure in combination with temozolomide (TMZ) in T98 and A172 glioblastoma cell lines. The authors report that EMF plus TMZ increased cell death and reduced migration potential compared with controls. They also report increased p53 gene expression and…
Translocation of silica nanospheres through giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) induced by a high frequency electromagnetic field.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2021
This in vitro study used giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) to examine effects of an 18 GHz electromagnetic field on membrane behavior. The authors report increased membrane permeability after exposure, inferred from internalisation of 23.5 nm hydrophilic silica nanospheres. Complementary molecular dynamics…
First Identification of the Effects of Low Frequency Electromagnetic Field on the Micromolecular Changes in Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2021
This in vitro study exposed adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells to a continuous 50 Hz electromagnetic field at 1.5 mT for 24, 48, or 72 hours and assessed micromolecular changes using FTIR spectroscopy. The authors report the largest FTIR spectral differences versus control in nucleic acids and proteins…
Improved Calculation Method of Coupling Factors for Low-Frequency Wireless Power Transfer Systems.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2021
This engineering/methods study addresses computational artifacts that can affect coupling factor calculations for localized EMF exposure assessment in IEC 62311/62233, particularly below 10 MHz. The authors propose using the 99.99th percentile rather than the maximum internal quantity to mitigate abnormal peaks from…
Artificial Neural Network-Based Uplink Power Prediction From Multi-Floor Indoor Measurement Campaigns in 4G Networks.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2021
This paper describes multi-floor indoor LTE measurement campaigns aimed at enabling assessment and monitoring of RF-EMF exposure, with emphasis on uplink exposure via mobile phone transmit power. Because uplink transmit power is not directly available from off-the-shelf devices, the authors propose an artificial…
The guardians of germ cells; Sertoli-derived exosomes against electromagnetic field-induced oxidative stress in mouse spermatogonial stem cells.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2021
This in vitro study exposed mouse spermatogonial stem cells to 50 Hz EMF (2.5 mT; 1 h/day for 5 days) and assessed oxidative stress and cell health outcomes. The authors report increased ROS and apoptosis with reduced antioxidant (catalase) expression, viability, and colonization after EMF exposure. Sertoli…
Electromagnetic Field Exposure in Kindergarten Children: Responsive Health Risk Concern.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2021
This exposure assessment measured EMF emission levels around 24 kindergartens in relation to nearby underground transmission lines using an EMDEX II meter. The abstract reports maximum mean EMF levels of 13.5 mG around kindergartens and 17.7 mG from the UGTL point to kindergartens, with a significant association…
Modelling and Evaluation of the Absorption of the 866 MHz Electromagnetic Field in Humans Exposed near to Fixed I-RFID Readers Used in Medical RTLS or to Monitor PPE.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2021
This study modelled SAR in humans near fixed multi-antenna UHF RFID readers operating at 866 MHz, representing RTLS and PPE-monitoring use scenarios. The modelling suggests that at 5 cm distance, SAR may warrant consideration against international exposure limits aimed at preventing thermal effects when effective…
Non-thermal membrane effects of electromagnetic fields and therapeutic applications in oncology.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2021
This review examines temperature-independent (non-thermal) effects of RF and microwave electromagnetic fields, emphasizing antiproliferative effects relevant to oncology. It summarizes preclinical and clinical literature on conventional RF hyperthermia and amplitude-modulated RF hyperthermia and argues that evidence…
Electromagnetic Field (EMF) Radiation Alters Estrogen Release from the Pig Myometrium during the Peri-Implantation Period.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2021
This ex vivo animal-tissue study tested whether ELF-EMF exposure (50 or 120 Hz for 2 or 4 hours) alters estrogenic activity in pig myometrium during the peri-implantation period. The authors report EMF-associated changes in estrogen-related gene transcripts and aromatase abundance, with progesterone diminishing some…
Assessment of function, histopathological changes, and oxidative stress in liver tissue due to ionizing and non-ionizing radiations.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2020
This animal study evaluated liver function, histopathology, and oxidative stress markers after exposure to RF-EMF (900/1800 MHz and 2.4 GHz), x-rays (10 cGy or 8 Gy), and combinations including RF-EMF pre-exposure. Some liver enzymes (AST, ALT, ALP) showed some association with irradiation, while…
Effects of pulse-modulated radiofrequency magnetic field (RF-EMF) exposure on apoptosis, autophagy, oxidative stress and electron chain transport function in human neuroblastoma and murine microglial cells.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2020
This in vitro study exposed murine microglial (N9) and human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells to ELF-modulated 935 MHz RF-EMF at 4 W/kg for 2 or 24 hours. The authors report no changes in apoptosis, cell viability, or AIF across conditions. They report increased ATG5 after 24 hours and a transient glutathione increase…
Spectral density constraints on wireless communication.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2020
This paper discusses how rising man-made EMF from modern wireless technologies motivates careful regulation to keep exposure below levels expected to cause harm. It argues current regulations may not strictly constrain EMF when multiple nearby devices transmit simultaneously. The authors propose a…
Anthropogenic electromagnetic fields (EMF) influence the behaviour of bottom-dwelling marine species.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2020
This animal study examined behavioural responses of American lobster and Little skate to EMF emissions from a subsea HVDC transmission cable. It reports a marked increase in exploratory/foraging behaviour in skates and a subtler exploratory response in lobsters when exposed to cable EMF. The authors also measured…
Immune response of mollusk Onchidium struma to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF, 50 Hz) exposure based on immune-related enzyme activity and De novo transcriptome analysis.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2020
This animal study exposed the mollusk Onchidium struma to 50 Hz ELF-EMF at 100 μT or 500 μT for up to one week and assessed immune-related cell counts, enzyme activities, and transcriptomic changes. The 100 μT group showed increased total coelomocyte and spherulocyte density versus control and 500 μT, while some cell…