Archive

This theoretical paper addresses how to define work done on an electromagnetic field by moving charges when the standard Hamiltonian is not gauge invariant. It reports a new gauge-invariant Hamiltonian expressed in terms of physical observables, which the authors say allows defining work and formulating the second…

This in vitro study used a 3D dermal papilla-like tissue model containing dermal papilla cells and melanocytes to assess melanogenesis after rice bran extract (RBE), extremely low-frequency EMF, or their combination. The combined RBE/EMF condition showed higher tyrosinase activity, increased melanogenesis-related…

This in vitro study exposed human amniotic mesenchymal stromal cells to an ELF-EMF stimulus (7 Hz, 2.5 µT) and compared responses with a nitric oxide chemical treatment. The authors report reduced cell proliferation with no change in metabolic activity, vitality, or apoptosis after ELF-EMF exposure. They also report…

This study used real-time measurements on a university campus to examine how the number of users relates to RF electric field strength from cellular systems and a Wi-Fi access point. The authors report empirical models that estimate E from user counts, with stated accuracies of 86% for cellular-related measurements…

This in vitro study examined how morphine, a 50-Hz 0.50 mT electromagnetic field (intermittent), and cisplatin co-treatments affected DNA repair gene expression and cytotoxicity in MCF-7 and SH-SY5Y cells. Morphine alone was reported to down-regulate examined DNA repair genes, whereas morphine plus EMF did not…

This animal study exposed rats to 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi radiation for 2 hours at 30 cm from a commercial router and assessed PTZ-induced convulsive behavior. The Wi-Fi "on" PTZ group showed significant differences in seizure event counts and summed severity scores versus comparison groups, while several timing and duration…

This study reports the identification of an electromagnetic perceptive gene (EPG) from glass catfish and its expression in mammalian cells, neuronal cultures, and rat brain. The authors report that magnetic/EMF stimulation remotely increased intracellular calcium in EPG-expressing cells and neurons. They also report…

This exposure assessment study reports extensive EMF measurements and exposure mapping across multiple workplace settings in Greece in the context of implementing EU Directive 2013/35/EU. The authors report that most assessed workplaces did not exceed occupational limits, and often did not exceed general public…

This in vitro study exposed SH-SY5Y cells to a 50 Hz, 0.50 mT electromagnetic field under intermittent or continuous conditions, alongside β-lapachone and/or morphine. The authors report condition-dependent changes in antioxidant gene expression, including decreased NQO1 and increased NQO2 under intermittent EMF…

This exposure assessment quantified RF-EMF levels using portable, high-sampling-rate devices across 94 outdoor microenvironments and 18 public transport vehicles in six countries. Mean outdoor exposure ranged from 0.23 to 1.85 V/m, and public transport exposure ranged from 0.32 to 0.86 V/m. Exposure varied…

This in vitro study exposed cancer (U87-MG; 143B) and noncancerous (BJ; HEK) cells to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields under varying frequencies (2–60 Hz), waveforms, and exposure durations, with sham controls. Cell viability was assessed using an MTT assay. The authors report that cancer and…