Microtubular structure impairment after GSM-modulated RF radiation exposure.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2020
This in vitro study exposed V79 cells to 915 MHz GSM-modulated RF radiation for 1–3 hours at 10–30 V/m (average SARs reported as 0.23–1.6 W/kg). The authors report that 3-hour exposure altered microtubule structure across all tested field strengths and reduced cell growth on the third post-exposure day. They conclude…
Short ELF-EMF Exposure Targets SIRT1/Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling in THP-1 Cells.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2020
This in vitro study examined 50 Hz, 1 mT ELF-EMF exposure in LPS-treated THP-1 cells for 1–24 hours. The authors report increased HO-1 expression and Nrf2-related signaling, with nuclear enrichment of HO-1 and modulation of SIRT1/NF-κB pathways. They interpret these molecular changes as suggesting a protective,…
Assessment of function, histopathological changes, and oxidative stress in liver tissue due to ionizing and non-ionizing radiations.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2020
This animal study evaluated liver function, histopathology, and oxidative stress markers after exposure to RF-EMF (900/1800 MHz and 2.4 GHz), x-rays (10 cGy or 8 Gy), and combinations including RF-EMF pre-exposure. Some liver enzymes (AST, ALT, ALP) showed some association with irradiation, while…
Effect of Extremely Low Power Time-Varying Electromagnetic Field on Germination and Other Characteristics in Foxtail Millet (Setaria italica) Seeds.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2020
This study evaluated extremely low, time-varying EMF “magneto-priming” to optimize germination in foxtail millet seeds using a central composite design and response surface methodology. The authors report optimal germination at 10 Hz, 30,007 nT, and 30 minutes, with improvements in germination percentage and multiple…
Effects of pulse-modulated radiofrequency magnetic field (RF-EMF) exposure on apoptosis, autophagy, oxidative stress and electron chain transport function in human neuroblastoma and murine microglial cells.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2020
This in vitro study exposed murine microglial (N9) and human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells to ELF-modulated 935 MHz RF-EMF at 4 W/kg for 2 or 24 hours. The authors report no changes in apoptosis, cell viability, or AIF across conditions. They report increased ATG5 after 24 hours and a transient glutathione increase…
Treating honey bees with an extremely low frequency electromagnetic field and pesticides: Impact on the rate of disappearance of azoxystrobin and λ-cyhalothrin and the structure of some functional groups of the probabilistic molecules.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2020
This laboratory study examined whether 50 Hz (ELF) electromagnetic field exposure changes pesticide disappearance rates and molecular functional group signatures in honey bees. EMF altered the disappearance rates of azoxystrobin and λ-cyhalothrin within 6 hours, with different patterns depending on whether pesticides…
Radiofrequency electromagnetic field affects heart rate variability in rabbits.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2020
This double-blind animal study examined whether RF EMF exposure slightly exceeding occupational limits affects heart rate variability in rabbits. Across two exposure setups (device-generated RF and real base-station downlink signals), the authors report increased HRV indices (HF-HRV and rMSSD) alongside lower heart…
RF-EMF EXPOSURE LEVELS IN SENSITIVE LAND USE IN GREECE: EDUCATIONAL UNITS CENSUS IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF KORYDALLOS.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2020
This exposure assessment measured RF-EMF levels in all primary and secondary school units (n=62) in Korydallos, Athens, across 27 MHz–3 GHz. The study reports that 97.5% of schools had exposure levels at least 2200 times below Greek exposure limits. The authors conclude the measured levels were below 60% of the…
Supervised Machine Learning Algorithms for Bioelectromagnetics: Prediction Models and Feature Selection Techniques Using Data from Weak Radiofrequency Radiation Effect on Human and Animals Cells.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2020
This paper develops supervised machine-learning prediction models to analyze potential impacts of weak RF-EMF on human and animal cells using extracted laboratory experimental data from prior publications. Data from 300 peer-reviewed papers (1127 experimental case studies) were used with feature selection and…
Exposure assessment of radio frequency electromagnetic field levels in hospitals of Samsun Province, Turkey.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2020
This exposure assessment measured RF-EMF levels in 21 state hospitals in Samsun Province, Turkey using short-term, long-term, and band-selective approaches across 100 kHz–3 GHz (total) and 27 MHz–3 GHz (band-selective). The study reports that the ICTA 3 V/m limit was exceeded in at least some hospital measurements,…
Radiofrequency applicator concepts for thermal magnetic resonance of brain tumors at 297 MHz (7.0 Tesla).
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2020
This engineering/simulation study evaluates RF applicator concepts for ThermalMR brain tumor heating at 297 MHz (7.0 Tesla) using clinically realistic GBM-based models. EMF simulations compared 10 applicator designs and two SAR-based planning algorithms for small and large target volumes. Power-focused optimization…
Wideband Self-Grounded Bow-Tie Antenna for Thermal MR.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2020
This engineering study designed and tested a compact wideband self-grounded bow-tie RF antenna module for a whole-body 7.0 T MRI system, aiming to enable 1H/19F MRI, MR thermometry, and broadband RF thermal intervention. The authors report validated B1 efficiency measurements and phantom-based heating experiments…
Effect of Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Fields on Expression of T-bet and GATA-3 Genes and Serum Interferon-γ and Interleukin-4.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2019
This rat study examined 50 Hz ELF-EMF exposure (1–2000 μT) for 60 days and measured Th-related gene expression and cytokines in an HSA-stimulated immune model. Splenic T-bet and GATA-3 mRNA expression decreased at 1 and 100 μT. Serum IFN-γ and IL-4 were significantly decreased in the 100 μT group only before HSA…
Impact of electromagnetic fields on in vitro toxicity of silver and graphene nanoparticles.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2019
This in vitro study examined whether RF electromagnetic fields (900, 2400, 7500 MHz) modify the toxicity of silver and graphene nanoparticles in human fibroblast cultures. The authors report EMF-associated changes in cytotoxicity and ROS that depended on nanoparticle type, shape, and concentration, with the strongest…
An Evaluation of Electromagnetic Exposure While Using Ultra-High Frequency Radiofrequency Identification (UHF RFID) Guns.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2019
This study simulated SAR from handheld UHF RFID readers (“RFID guns”) in adult male and female models across seven close-proximity scenarios involving an operator, scanned person, or bystander. SAR was reported to comply with general public limits at emissions up to 1 W, but higher-power devices (>2 W, and especially…
Evaluation of the Validity of a Nonlinear J-Shaped Dose-Response Relationship in Cancers Induced by Exposure to Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2019
This review discusses the controversial evidence on mobile phone RF-EMF exposure and brain cancer. The authors argue that exposure magnitude may be a key factor contributing to inconsistent findings. They discuss evidence supporting a nonlinear J-shaped dose-response relationship for RF-EMF-related carcinogenesis.
Electromagnetic Energy Absorption in a Head Approaching a Radiofrequency Identification (RFID) Reader Operating at 13.56 MHz in Users of Hearing Implants Versus Non-Users.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2019
This modeling study estimated SAR in a head approaching a 13.56 MHz RFID HF reader, comparing hearing-implant users with non-users. The abstract reports that BAHA implants can increase localized SAR (10 g) versus non-users, up to 2.1× in a worst-case scenario, and that this increase is statistically higher than for…
APPLICATION OF TIME-AVERAGED AND INTEGRAL-BASED MEASURE FOR MEASUREMENT RESULTS VARIABILITY REDUCTION IN GSM/DCS/UMTS SYSTEMS.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2019
This exposure-assessment study evaluated temporal variability of RF-EMF levels from GSM/DCS/UMTS networks using continuous personal exposimeter logging. It proposes an integral-based measure (accumulated energy density from instantaneous power density) alongside 24 h time-averaging to reduce variability in daily…
Characterisation of spatial and temporal variability of RF-EMF exposure levels in urban environments in Flanders, Belgium.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2019
This exposure-assessment study used on-body calibrated personal exposimeters to characterize spatial and temporal variability of personal RF-EMF exposure across microenvironments in five cities in Flanders, Belgium. Brussels showed the highest mean total exposure, while Antwerp had higher downlink exposure than…
Ca2+ and CACNA1H mediate targeted suppression of breast cancer brain metastasis by AM RF EMF
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2019
This study describes a therapeutic use of athermal, amplitude-modulated RF EMF (27.12 MHz) at breast cancer-specific frequencies to target breast cancer brain metastases. The abstract reports tumor growth suppression in animal models and durable regression in one patient with triple negative breast cancer brain…
Decreased dopamine in striatum and difficult locomotor recovery from MPTP insult after exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2019
This animal study reports that chronic RF-EMF exposure (835 MHz, SAR 4.0 W/kg, 5 h/day for 12 weeks) affected striatal neuronal markers in C57BL/6 mice. The authors observed reductions in synaptic vesicle-related measures and dopaminergic markers, including dopamine concentration and tyrosine hydroxylase expression.…
Effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMF) on honey bee queen development and mating success.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2019
This animal study exposed honey bee queen larvae to RF-EMF from a common mobile phone (GSM 900 MHz) across all pre-adult developmental stages for 14 days. The authors report a significantly reduced queen hatching ratio, while mating success was not affected. For queens that successfully mated, subsequent colony…
Early exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields at 1850 MHz affects auditory circuits in early postnatal mice.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2019
This animal study examined early postnatal mice after exposure to 1850 MHz RF-EMF and measured synaptic activity in brainstem auditory circuitry. The abstract reports increased spontaneous postsynaptic current frequency and amplitude in MNTB principal cells, with accompanying presynaptic changes in the calyx of Held…
Effect of short exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields on saliva biomarkers: a study on the electrohypersensitive individuals.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2019
This double-blind provocation study examined whether short RF-EMF exposure alters salivary biomarkers in electrohypersensitive (EHS) individuals. Ten participants underwent sham and real exposure sessions with consecutive GSM 900, GSM 1800, DECT, and Wi‑Fi signals for 5 minutes each. The study reports no significant…
MEASUREMENT OF EMF EXPOSURE AROUND SMALL CELL BASE STATION SITES.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2019
This paper reports a measurement program assessing RF EMF exposure around small cell base station sites. The authors note that relatively little exposure data are available for small cells compared with base stations in general. Measurements were compared with relevant safety guidelines and with existing base-station…