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Sex-dependent impact of perinatal 5G electromagnetic field exposure in the adolescent rat behavior.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2023

This animal study examined daily perinatal 5G EMF exposure in rats at the ICNIRP whole-body public exposure limit (maternal SAR 0.07 W/kg) from gestational day 8 to post-natal day 21. The authors report a 1-day delay in incisor eruption in both sexes and sex-dependent changes in stereotyped behavior in the open field…

The Use of Induction Sensors and Helmet-Based Shielding Technology to Identify Differences in Electromagnetic Fields in Patients With Cranial Neurological Disease Versus Healthy Controls.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2023

This observational study used induction sensors with a Mu-metal and copper mesh shielded helmet to measure cortically generated EMFs in patients with cranial neurological disease and compare patterns to previously obtained healthy control data. Fourteen patients (ages 14–81) were analyzed and compared with four…

NET Formation Was Reduced via Exposure to Extremely Low-Frequency Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2023

This in vitro study examined whether a 16 Hz extremely low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic field (ELF-PEMF) affects neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation. In neutrophils from healthy volunteers, ELF-PEMF exposure did not induce ROS or calcium influx and did not increase basal or PMA-induced NET formation.…

A Swine Model of Neural Circuit Electromagnetic Fields: Effects of Immediate Electromagnetic Field Stimulation on Cortical Injury.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2023

This animal study used non-contact induction sensors and a shielded helmet to measure cortical EMF patterns in a Yucatan miniswine before and after traumatic brain injury induced by controlled cortical impact. The authors report that targeted low-frequency EMF stimulation initiated 20 minutes post-injury was…

Personal exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields in various occupations in Spain and France.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2023

This study conducted personal full-shift RF-EMF measurements in 333 workers across 46 occupations in Spain and France. Most 1-second measurements of electric and magnetic fields were below the device detection limit (≥1% of 1998 ICNIRP standards), though many workers had at least one detectable reading. A small…

Seed Treatment with Electromagnetic Field Induces Different Effects on Emergence, Growth and Profiles of Biochemical Compounds in Seven Half-Sib Families of Silver Birch.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2023

This study evaluated a short (1 min) electromagnetic field (EMF) seed treatment in seven half-sib families of silver birch and assessed emergence, growth, and leaf biochemical profiles in one- and two-year-old seedlings. The abstract reports genotype- and age-dependent responses, with some families showing…

Assessing the effect of selenium on cyclin D1 level and nuclear factor kappa b activity in NIH/3T3 fibroblast cells at 2100 MHz electromagnetic field exposure.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2023

This in vitro study examined NIH/3T3 fibroblast cells exposed to 2100 MHz EMF and evaluated cell viability, cyclin D1, and NF-κB activity, with and without 200 nM selenium. The abstract reports reduced cell viability and increased cyclin D1 and NF-κB activity after EMF exposure. Selenium supplementation was reported…

It is the Frequency that Matters: Effects of Electromagnetic Fields on the Release and Content of Extracellular Vesicles.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2023

This preprint describes an in vitro bioreactor-based system to test whether electromagnetic/electrical stimulation affects extracellular vesicles (EVs). Using proteomics and single-vesicle flow cytometry, the authors report that stimulation at physiological current amplitudes can modulate EV content in a…

A Swine Model of Changes in the Neuronal Electromagnetic Field After Traumatic Brain Injury: A Pilot Study.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2023

This pilot swine study evaluated whether non-contact proprietary induction sensors in a Mu-metal/copper mesh helmet can measure endogenous neuronal EMF signals before and after controlled cortical impact traumatic brain injury. The authors report that swine EMF recordings were distinguishable from room noise and…

Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Stimulation (ELF-EMS) Improves Neurological Outcome and Reduces Microglial Reactivity in a Rodent Model of Global Transient Stroke.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2023

This animal and laboratory study evaluated extremely low-frequency electromagnetic stimulation (ELF-EMS) in a rodent ischemia-reperfusion stroke model and related in vitro/slice experiments. The authors report improved neurological and behavioral outcomes, increased neuronal survival, and reduced glial/microglial…

P53 status, and G2/M cell cycle arrest, are determining factors in cell-death induction mediated by ELF-EMF in glioblastoma.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2023

This in vitro study tested ELF-EMF exposure in U87 and U251 glioblastoma cell lines and assessed apoptosis, cell-cycle distribution, cell size, and mRNA expression of cell-cycle genes. The authors report higher apoptosis induction and increased G2/M arrest in U87 compared with U251, alongside increased U87 cell size…

Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field exposure alters DNA methylation levels in the endometrium of pigs during the peri-implantation period.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2023

This in vitro study exposed porcine endometrial slices from the peri-implantation period (days 15–16 of pregnancy) to 50 Hz ELF-EMF for 2 hours and assessed promoter DNA methylation in selected genes. The authors report increased methylation for EGR2, ID2, and PTGER4, decreased methylation for IL1RAP and NOS3, and no…

Ameliorative effects of crocin against electromagnetic field-induced oxidative stress and liver and kidney injuries in mice.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2023

This mouse experiment evaluated whether crocin (50 mg/kg) mitigates liver and kidney injury associated with 2100 MHz electromagnetic field exposure. EMF exposure was associated with increased serum markers of kidney and liver injury, reduced antioxidant enzyme activity, and histopathological/ultrastructural changes…

Synergistic cytotoxic effects of an extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field with doxorubicin on MCF-7 cell line.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2023

This in vitro study tested whether a 50 Hz, 20 mT extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) enhances the cytotoxic effects of doxorubicin (DOX) in the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. The authors report that combining ELF-EMF with low-dose DOX reduced cell viability at lower DOX concentrations than DOX…

Electromagnetic fields ameliorate hepatic lipid accumulation and oxidative stress: potential role of CaMKKβ/AMPK/SREBP-1c and Nrf2 pathways.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2023

This animal study examined EMF exposure in a mouse high-fat diet model of NAFLD. The authors report that EMF exposure reduced hepatic lipid accumulation and markers of oxidative stress, alongside changes consistent with activation of CaMKKβ/AMPK and Nrf2-related signaling. The abstract concludes EMF could be a…

Low-energy amplitude-modulated electromagnetic field exposure: Feasibility study in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2023

This single-site feasibility trial evaluated repeated 90-minute amplitude-modulated EMF exposure (AutEMdev) in 66 patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. The primary focus was safety and hemodynamic variability during exposure, with exploratory outcomes including quality of life, survival, and tumor…

Exposure to a 900 MHz electromagnetic field induces a response of the honey bee organism on the level of enzyme activity and the expression of stress-related genes.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2023

This animal study exposed one-day-old worker honey bees to 900 MHz RF-EMF at 12, 28, or 61 V/m for 15 minutes, 1 hour, or 3 hours, with an unexposed control group. The authors report changes in hemolymph enzyme activity and in expression of several stress-related genes following exposure. They state the pattern…

Electromagnetic fields - do they pose a cardiovascular risk?

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2023

This study assessed short-term autonomic cardiac responses to RF EMF exposure using HRV metrics in 30 healthy young adults. During 2400 MHz (Wi-Fi) exposure applied to the chest for 5 minutes, HF-HRV decreased and the sympathetic-related 0V% index increased compared with 2600 MHz (4G) exposure, while RR intervals did…

Measuring and assessing the effects of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) on blood parameters and liver enzymes of personnel working in high voltage power stations in a petrochemical industry.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2023

This cross-sectional study in a petrochemical industry compared 50 high-voltage power-station workers exposed to ELF-EMF with 50 controls. Electric and magnetic fields were measured at 200 points, and blood parameters and liver enzymes were extracted from medical records. The study reports no significant differences…

50 Hz Magnetic Field Exposure Inhibited Spontaneous Movement of Zebrafish Larvae through ROS-Mediated syn2a Expression.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2023

This zebrafish study exposed embryos to a 50 Hz magnetic field at 100–800 μT for 1 h or 24 h daily over 5 days. The authors report no changes in hatching, mortality, or malformation rates, but report reduced spontaneous movement at 200 μT along with brain histological abnormalities. They also report increased ROS and…

Impact of ketamine administration on chronic unpredictable stress-induced rat model of depression during extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field exposure: Behavioral, histological and molecular study.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2023

This animal study evaluated ketamine administration combined with extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) exposure in a chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) rat model. The authors report that the combined treatment increased depression-like behavior and neuronal degeneration, reduced GFAP(+) cells in…

Intermittent Exposure to a 16 Hz Extremely Low Frequency Pulsed Electromagnetic Field Promotes Osteogenesis In Vitro through Activating Piezo 1-Induced Ca Influx in Osteoprogenitor Cells.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2023

This in vitro study compared continuous versus intermittent 16 Hz ELF-PEMF exposure strategies in osteoprogenitor (SCP-1) cells. Intermittent exposure (10 min every 8 h) was reported to enhance cell numbers and osteogenic function relative to continuous daily exposure (30 min every 24 h). The authors report increased…

Immunomodulatory Effect of Electromagnetic Field in the Treatment of Traumatic Brain Injury.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2023

This paper reports a PubMed and Google Scholar-based review of EMF research related to brain pathology, with emphasis on ischemic and traumatic brain injury. It provides a critical overview of the state of the art and describes the authors’ experimental and ongoing studies. The authors conclude that EMF applications…

Comparative Study of Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Field, Radiation, and Temozolomide Administration in Spheroid and Monolayer Forms of the Glioblastoma Cell Line (T98).

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2023

This in vitro study assessed 50 Hz, 100 G extremely low-frequency EMF in combination with temozolomide and radiation in T98 glioblastoma cells grown as monolayers and spheroids. Radiation plus EMF increased apoptosis-related gene expression, while temozolomide plus EMF increased autophagy marker expression compared…

Structural and Functional Neural Correlates in Individuals with Excessive Smartphone Use: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Research RF Safe Research Library Dec 5, 2022

This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesized observational MRI studies comparing excessive smartphone users with regular users. It reports smaller brain volumes in excessive smartphone users, especially in subcortical regions, and notes that the association was more pronounced in adolescents than adults. It…

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