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This animal study examined repeated pulsed-modulated RF exposure (1–4 GHz; total pulse power density 300 μW/cm2) in male and female Wistar rats and assessed behavior using the open field test. The abstract reports stress reactions and long-term memory impairment in some rats, with females described as more sensitive…

This animal experiment examined hematopoietic and immune-related indicators in mice after repeated exposure to low-intensity microwave radiation. Exposure involved monochromatic pulsed fields in the 2.27–2.78 GHz range with average power flux density of 60 μW/cm² and doses of 0.086–0.86 J/g. The authors report…

This animal study examined whether continuous prenatal exposure to 2450 MHz radiofrequency radiation (simulating Wi‑Fi) affects thyroid tissue in rat offspring at 6 months. The exposed group showed significantly increased mononuclear cell infiltration and vascular congestion in thyroid histology. TUNEL-positive cell…

This animal study exposed adult male C57BL/6 mice to a 4.9 GHz radiofrequency field for three weeks (1 hour/day) and compared them with a sham group. The abstract reports altered fecal microbiome composition with reduced diversity in the RF group, along with 258 significantly differentially abundant fecal…

This animal study exposed rats to 50 Hz ELF-EMF at 1 mT or 7 mT for 1 hour/day over 7 days, repeated across three cycles, and assessed catecholamines, MHPG, β2-adrenergic receptor expression, and behavior. The authors report that ELF-EMF influences stress-response mechanisms involving the locus…

This pilot animal study exposed zebrafish embryos to 900 MHz RF-EMF for 30 or 60 minutes per day until 96 hours post-fertilization and assessed gene expression and physiological endpoints. The authors report reduced expression of lepa, ins, and pparg, changes in oxidative stress markers consistent with increased…

This animal study examined 1850 MHz RF-EMF exposure (SAR 4.0 W/kg) in early postnatal mice and assessed synaptic and behavioral outcomes. The abstract reports reductions in dendritic spine maturation markers, decreases in PSD-95 puncta, inhibited neurite outgrowth, and downregulation of synapse-related genes in…

This animal study used qRT-PCR to assess whether 900 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure alters neuropeptide-related gene transcription in Ixodes ricinus synganglia. The abstract reports that 40 V/m exposure for at least 60 minutes significantly suppressed transcript levels of sifa, mip, and their…

This animal study exposed male Balb/c mice to 2100 MHz EMF for 120 minutes/day over 30 days and assessed cerebellar cortex outcomes. EMF exposure was associated with reduced astrocyte diameter and increased GFAP expression, while Purkinje cell size was not significantly changed. Crocin (50 mg/kg) given with EMF…

This rat study examined prenatal stress, prenatal ELF-EMF exposure, and their combination on adult male offspring outcomes at postnatal day 90. Prenatal stress increased serum corticosterone but did not change spatial memory, while combined stress+ELF-EMF disrupted memory acquisition. ELF-EMF exposure was associated…

This animal study examined whether prenatal mobile phone RF exposure affects brain injury markers and outcomes after neonatal hypoxia-ischemia in rats. The HI/Exposure group showed higher MMP-9 expression along with increased inflammatory and oxidative stress markers, larger infarct volume and edema, and worse…

This animal study examined whether lipoic acid modifies cognitive and hippocampal effects in young male rats exposed to EMF emitted from multiple cell phones. The authors report improved learning performance but impaired long-term memory consolidation after EMF exposure, alongside changes in hippocampal…

This animal study examined daily perinatal 5G EMF exposure in rats at the ICNIRP whole-body public exposure limit (maternal SAR 0.07 W/kg) from gestational day 8 to post-natal day 21. The authors report a 1-day delay in incisor eruption in both sexes and sex-dependent changes in stereotyped behavior in the open field…