The effect of 900 MHz electromagnetic fields on biological pathways induced by electrochemotherapy.
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2021 NEUTRAL
LOW
This study examined whether 900 MHz RF-EMF exposure modifies biological pathways associated with electrochemotherapy (ECT) in 4T1 cells and in mice bearing 4T1 tumors. At the highest reported power density (349 µW/cm), RF exposure was reported to increase ECT-induced tumor hypoxia and increase…
Health disturbances and exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields from mobile-phone base stations in French urban areas.
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2021 NEUTRAL
MEDIUM
This cross-sectional survey in five French cities assessed whether measured RF-EMF exposure from mobile-phone base stations was associated with self-reported non-specific and insomnia-like symptoms among residents living within 250 m of a base station. Overall, measured base-station exposure was…
The Short-Term Effect of Occupational Levels of 50 Hz Electromagnetic Field on Human Heart Rate Variability.
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2021 NEUTRAL
MEDIUM
This double-blind randomized sham-controlled repeated-measures study examined short-term 50 Hz ELF-EMF exposure (28 μT) to the chest and its effects on HR and HRV in 34 healthy young men. HR deceleration occurred in both EMF and sham conditions, but several HRV indices (SDNN, RMSSD, LF, HF)…
Conformational changes of β-thalassemia major hemoglobin and oxidative status of plasma after in vitro exposure to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields: An artificial neural network analysis.
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2021 CONCERN
LOW
This in vitro study exposed blood samples from β-thalassemia major patients and matched healthy donors (n=12 each) to 50 Hz ELF-EMF at 0.5 and 1 mT for 1–2 hours. The authors report that two-hour exposure induced significant oxidative changes in β-thalassemia major samples and examined protein/Hb…
Pulsed and Discontinuous Electromagnetic Field Exposure Decreases Temozolomide Resistance in Glioblastoma by Modulating the Expression of O-Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase, Cyclin-D1, and p53.
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2021 NEUTRAL
LOW
This in vitro study evaluated 50 Hz, 70 G electromagnetic field exposure in combination with temozolomide (TMZ) in T98 and A172 glioblastoma cell lines. The authors report that EMF plus TMZ increased cell death and reduced migration potential compared with controls. They also report increased p53…
Comparing the Effects of Long-term Exposure to Extremely Low-frequency Electromagnetic Fields With Different Values on Learning, Memory, Anxiety, and β-amyloid Deposition in Adult Rats.
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2021 CONCERN
MEDIUM
This animal study exposed adult male rats to 50 Hz ELF-EMF at 1, 100, 500, or 2000 μT for 1 hour/day over two months and assessed behavior and brain markers. The authors report increased memory retention (higher step-through latency) alongside increased anxiety-like behavior (reduced open-arm…
Translocation of silica nanospheres through giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) induced by a high frequency electromagnetic field.
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2021 CONCERN
MEDIUM
This in vitro study used giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) to examine effects of an 18 GHz electromagnetic field on membrane behavior. The authors report increased membrane permeability after exposure, inferred from internalisation of 23.5 nm hydrophilic silica nanospheres. Complementary molecular…
First Identification of the Effects of Low Frequency Electromagnetic Field on the Micromolecular Changes in Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy.
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2021 CONCERN
MEDIUM
This in vitro study exposed adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells to a continuous 50 Hz electromagnetic field at 1.5 mT for 24, 48, or 72 hours and assessed micromolecular changes using FTIR spectroscopy. The authors report the largest FTIR spectral differences versus control in nucleic…
Improved Calculation Method of Coupling Factors for Low-Frequency Wireless Power Transfer Systems.
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2021 NEUTRAL
MEDIUM
This engineering/methods study addresses computational artifacts that can affect coupling factor calculations for localized EMF exposure assessment in IEC 62311/62233, particularly below 10 MHz. The authors propose using the 99.99th percentile rather than the maximum internal quantity to mitigate…
Towards Environmental RF-EMF Assessment of mmWave High-Node Density Complex Heterogeneous Environments.
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2021 REASSURANCE
MEDIUM
This paper presents an RF-EMF exposure assessment combining measurements and deterministic 3D ray-launching simulations in a large indoor public library with high node density. It considers mmWave 5G FR2 at 28 GHz and Wi-Fi 802.11ay at 60 GHz under realistic operation conditions with varying user…
Artificial Neural Network-Based Uplink Power Prediction From Multi-Floor Indoor Measurement Campaigns in 4G Networks.
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2021 NEUTRAL
MEDIUM
This paper describes multi-floor indoor LTE measurement campaigns aimed at enabling assessment and monitoring of RF-EMF exposure, with emphasis on uplink exposure via mobile phone transmit power. Because uplink transmit power is not directly available from off-the-shelf devices, the authors…
Electromagnetic Field Stimulation Attenuates Phasic Nociception after Complete Spinal Cord Injury in Rats.
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2021 REASSURANCE
MEDIUM
This animal study evaluated whole-body extremely low-frequency EMF stimulation after thoracic complete spinal cord injury in adult male rats. The authors report reduced nociceptive behaviors (hyperalgesia/allodynia) from week 6 onward and restoration of spinal reflexes by week 8. They also report…
EVALUATION OF BCL2 AND ITS REGULATORY MIRS, MIR-15-B AND MIR-16 EXPRESSION CHANGES UNDER THE EXPOSURE OF EXTREMELY LOW-FREQUENCY ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS ON HUMAN GASTRIC CANCER CELL LINE.
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2021 CONCERN
LOW
This in vitro study examined whether extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) at 0.2 or 2 mT (continuous or 1.5 h on/1.5 h off) for 18 hours alter viability and gene/miRNA expression in AGS gastric cancer cells. The authors report a significant reduction in cell viability at 2 mT…
Hydrogel-hydroxyapatite-monomeric collagen type-I scaffold with low-frequency electromagnetic field treatment enhances osteochondral repair in rabbits.
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2021 NEUTRAL
MEDIUM
This animal and in vitro study evaluated a composite osteochondral scaffold with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) combined with low-frequency electromagnetic field (EMF) stimulation. The authors report that EMF promoted BMSC proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation in vitro, partly…
The Dynamic(s) of Adipose Stem Cell System, Their Survival, and Cessation under the Influence of Electromagnetic Fields.
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2021 CONCERN
MEDIUM
This in vitro study examined how extremely low frequency EMF affects adipose-derived stem cell proliferation, cell cycle, viability, and death using fluorescent microscopy and flow cytometry. Under continuous exposure at 76.6 Hz and 20 T (ICR-based parameters), the authors report a statistically…
A New Treatment for Stretch Marks and Skin Ptosis with Electromagnetic Fields and Negative Pressure: A Clinical and Histological Study.
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2021 REASSURANCE
MEDIUM
This clinical and histological study evaluated a combined electromagnetic fields and negative pressure treatment (V-EMF) for stretch marks and skin hypotonia. Sixty women aged 25–45 underwent 6 or 8 weekly sessions, with documentation via pictures, patient satisfaction, and biopsies. The authors…
Effects of excessive use of mobile phone technology in India on human health during COVID-19 lockdown.
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2021 CONCERN
LOW
This cross-sectional online survey study (n=122) examined increased dependency on mobile phone technology and electronic gadgets in India during the COVID-19 lockdown. Most participants reported increased usage and perceived increased risk of health problems from excessive use. The authors…
Morphometric analysis - effect of the radiofrequency interface of electromagnetic field on the size of hatched Dermacentor reticulatus larvae.
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2021 CONCERN
MEDIUM
This animal study examined whether exposing Dermacentor reticulatus tick eggs to 900 MHz RF-EMF for 30, 60, or 90 minutes affects the size of hatched larvae. The authors report that the 60-minute exposure group produced larvae with larger measurements across four body traits compared with…
Effects of Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Field (RF-EMF) exposure on male fertility and pregnancy and birth outcomes: Protocols for a systematic review of experimental studies in non-human mammals and in human sperm exposed in vitro.
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2021 NEUTRAL
HIGH
This paper presents protocols for a systematic review of experimental studies assessing RF-EMF exposure (100 kHz–300 GHz) and outcomes related to male fertility and pregnancy/birth effects. The review will cover three evidence streams: non-human mammal male reproductive outcomes, human sperm…
The Time-Dependence of Three Different Modes of ELF-EMF Stimulation on LTP at Schaffer Collateral-CA1 Synapses.
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2021 CONCERN
MEDIUM
This animal ex vivo study tested whether short-term 15 Hz/2 mT ELF-EMF exposure alters LTP at rat hippocampal SC-CA1 synapses. Across sinusoidal, pulsed, and rhythm-pulsed modes, the authors report reduced LTP versus control, with greater inhibition at longer exposure durations (10–60 s).…