Comparison of the Effects of Rosmarinic Acid and Electromagnetic Radiation-Induced Cardiotoxicity on Rats

Abstract

Comparison of the Effects of Rosmarinic Acid and Electromagnetic Radiation-Induced Cardiotoxicity on Rats Goudarzi M, Fatahi Asl J, Shoghi H. Comparison of the Effects of Rosmarinic Acid and Electromagnetic Radiation- Induced Cardiotoxicity on Rats. J Tehran Heart Cent. 2023 Jul;18(3):207-213. doi: 10.18502/jthc.v18i3.14115. Abstract Background: Electromagnetic radiation (EMR) causes stable aggregation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), producing oxidative stress. Rosmarinic acid (RA), a plant-origin antioxidant, has been proposed against the side effects of cell phone and ultrahigh-frequency waves. Methods: Forty-two male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups. Group 1 (controls) received 5 mL of normal saline with the gavage method, Group 2 received 915 MHz radiation, Group 3 received 2450 MHz radiation, Group 4 received RA plus 915 MHz radiation, Group 5 received RA plus 2450MHz radiation, and Group 6 received oral RA (5 mg/kg). Treatment and radiation (1 hour per day) continued for up to 30 days. Results: EMR significantly reduced the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), the content of glutathione (GSH), and the level of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and significantly increased oxidative stress indices, such as the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO), and the content of protein carbonyl (PC). In contrast, RA significantly elevated TAC level (all groups), GSH content (the RA/cell phone radiation group), GPx activity (the RA/ultrahigh-frequency radiation group), SOD activity (all groups), and CAT activity (RA/ultrahigh-frequency radiation group) and conversely reduced MDA level (all groups), NO level (all groups), and PC content (all groups) in the RA/cell phone and RA/ultrahigh- frequency radiation groups compared with the NS/cell phone and NS/ultrahigh-frequency radiation groups, respectively. The administration of RA resulted in a significant reversal of cardiac markers in EMR-intoxicated rats. Conclusion: RA treatment showed a significant protective effect against EMR-induced cardiotoxicity. Open access paper: ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

AI evidence extraction

Main findings

In rats exposed to 915 MHz or 2450 MHz radiation (1 hour/day up to 30 days), EMR significantly decreased antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, CAT, GPx), GSH content, and TAC, and increased oxidative stress indices (MDA, NO, protein carbonyl). Rosmarinic acid (5 mg/kg, oral) given with EMR increased several antioxidant measures and reduced oxidative stress markers compared with EMR plus saline, and was reported to reverse cardiac markers in EMR-intoxicated rats.

Outcomes measured

• Cardiotoxicity/cardiac markers
• Oxidative stress indices (MDA, NO, protein carbonyl)
• Antioxidant defenses (SOD, CAT, GPx, GSH, TAC)

Limitations

• No SAR or exposure intensity metrics reported in the abstract
• Animal study (rat model)
• Specific cardiac markers not detailed in the abstract
• Duration stated as 'up to 30 days' without further detail

Suggested hubs

• rf-health-effects (0.82)
  Animal experiment assessing biological/cardiac and oxidative stress effects of RF exposures at 915 and 2450 MHz.

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    "exposure": {
        "band": "RF",
        "source": "mobile phone and ultrahigh-frequency waves",
        "frequency_mhz": null,
        "sar_wkg": null,
        "duration": "1 hour/day for up to 30 days"
    },
    "population": "Male Wistar rats",
    "sample_size": 42,
    "outcomes": [
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        "Oxidative stress indices (MDA, NO, protein carbonyl)",
        "Antioxidant defenses (SOD, CAT, GPx, GSH, TAC)"
    ],
    "main_findings": "In rats exposed to 915 MHz or 2450 MHz radiation (1 hour/day up to 30 days), EMR significantly decreased antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, CAT, GPx), GSH content, and TAC, and increased oxidative stress indices (MDA, NO, protein carbonyl). Rosmarinic acid (5 mg/kg, oral) given with EMR increased several antioxidant measures and reduced oxidative stress markers compared with EMR plus saline, and was reported to reverse cardiac markers in EMR-intoxicated rats.",
    "effect_direction": "harm",
    "limitations": [
        "No SAR or exposure intensity metrics reported in the abstract",
        "Animal study (rat model)",
        "Specific cardiac markers not detailed in the abstract",
        "Duration stated as 'up to 30 days' without further detail"
    ],
    "evidence_strength": "low",
    "confidence": 0.7800000000000000266453525910037569701671600341796875,
    "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
    "keywords": [
        "electromagnetic radiation",
        "RF",
        "915 MHz",
        "2450 MHz",
        "cardiotoxicity",
        "oxidative stress",
        "rosmarinic acid",
        "Wistar rats",
        "antioxidants",
        "MDA",
        "NO",
        "SOD",
        "CAT",
        "GPx",
        "GSH",
        "TAC"
    ],
    "suggested_hubs": [
        {
            "slug": "rf-health-effects",
            "weight": 0.81999999999999995115018691649311222136020660400390625,
            "reason": "Animal experiment assessing biological/cardiac and oxidative stress effects of RF exposures at 915 and 2450 MHz."
        }
    ]
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