Fifty-gigahertz microwave exposure effect of radiations on rat brain.

Abstract

The object of this study is to investigate the effects of 50-GHz microwave radiation on the brain of Wistar rats. Male rats of the Wistar strain were used in the study. Animals of 60-day age were divided into two groups-group 1, sham-exposed, and group 2, experimental (microwave-exposed). The rats were housed in a temperature-controlled room (25 degrees C) with constant humidity (40-50%) and received food and water ad libitum. During exposure, rats were placed in Plexiglas cages with drilled ventilation holes and kept in an anechoic chamber. The animals were exposed for 2 h a day for 45 days continuously at a power level of 0.86 microW/cm(2) with nominal specific absorption rate 8.0 x 10(-4) w/kg. After the exposure period, the rats were killed and homogenized, and protein kinase C (PKC), DNA double-strand break, and antioxidant enzyme activity [superoxides dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)] were estimated in the whole brain. Result shows that the chronic exposure to these radiations causes DNA double-strand break (head and tail length, intensity and tail migration) and a significant decrease in GPx and SOD activity (p = or<0.05) in brain cells, whereas catalase activity shows significant increase in the exposed group of brain samples as compared with control (p = or<0.001). In addition to these, PKC decreased significantly in whole brain and hippocampus (p < 0.05). All data are expressed as mean +/- standard deviation. We conclude that these radiations can have a significant effect on the whole brain.

AI evidence extraction

Main findings

Compared with sham-exposed controls, 50-GHz microwave-exposed rats showed evidence of DNA double-strand breaks and significant decreases in GPx and SOD activity. Catalase activity increased significantly, and PKC decreased significantly in whole brain and hippocampus.

Outcomes measured

• DNA double-strand breaks
• Protein kinase C (PKC) levels
• Antioxidant enzyme activity (SOD, catalase, GPx) in whole brain

Limitations

• Sample size not reported in abstract
• Exposure source/setup details beyond power density and nominal SAR not fully described in abstract
• Outcomes limited to biochemical markers; no behavioral or clinical endpoints reported in abstract

Suggested hubs

• 5g-policy (0.32)
  Exposure frequency (50 GHz) falls within mmWave/upper microwave range relevant to some 5G discussions, though this is an animal study and not explicitly about 5G.

{
    "study_type": "animal",
    "exposure": {
        "band": "microwave",
        "source": null,
        "frequency_mhz": 50000,
        "sar_wkg": 0.000800000000000000038337388819087436786503531038761138916015625,
        "duration": "2 h/day for 45 days (chronic)"
    },
    "population": "Male Wistar rats (60 days old)",
    "sample_size": null,
    "outcomes": [
        "DNA double-strand breaks",
        "Protein kinase C (PKC) levels",
        "Antioxidant enzyme activity (SOD, catalase, GPx) in whole brain"
    ],
    "main_findings": "Compared with sham-exposed controls, 50-GHz microwave-exposed rats showed evidence of DNA double-strand breaks and significant decreases in GPx and SOD activity. Catalase activity increased significantly, and PKC decreased significantly in whole brain and hippocampus.",
    "effect_direction": "harm",
    "limitations": [
        "Sample size not reported in abstract",
        "Exposure source/setup details beyond power density and nominal SAR not fully described in abstract",
        "Outcomes limited to biochemical markers; no behavioral or clinical endpoints reported in abstract"
    ],
    "evidence_strength": "low",
    "confidence": 0.7800000000000000266453525910037569701671600341796875,
    "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
    "keywords": [
        "50 GHz",
        "microwave radiation",
        "Wistar rats",
        "brain",
        "DNA double-strand break",
        "oxidative stress",
        "SOD",
        "catalase",
        "glutathione peroxidase",
        "protein kinase C",
        "hippocampus",
        "anechoic chamber",
        "power density",
        "SAR"
    ],
    "suggested_hubs": [
        {
            "slug": "5g-policy",
            "weight": 0.320000000000000006661338147750939242541790008544921875,
            "reason": "Exposure frequency (50 GHz) falls within mmWave/upper microwave range relevant to some 5G discussions, though this is an animal study and not explicitly about 5G."
        }
    ]
}

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