Plasma corticosterone in hemorrhaged Japanese quail after microwave irradiation in ovo.

Abstract

1. Sexually immature male and female Japanese quail were divided within each sex into three treatment groups: hemorrhaged by jugular puncture; immobilized for 2 min, but not hemorrhaged (shams); and neither immobilized nor hemorrhaged (controls). 2. Hemorrhage resulted in increased plasma corticosterone levels in both sexes. Corticosterone levels in shams were higher than in controls. 3. In another experiment, Japanese quail eggs were irradiated during incubation with 2.45 GHz CW microwave radiation. Nonirradiated eggs were incubated under identical conditions without irradiation. After hatching, juvenile males and females were hemorrhaged. 4. After hemorrhage, irradiated males had higher plasma corticosterone levels than nonirradiated males. No effect of irradiation on females was found. 5. The results of these two experiments indicate that male quail respond to blood loss with increased adrenocortical activity and that this response is modified in male quail after irradiation with microwaves during embryogeny.

AI evidence extraction

Main findings

Hemorrhage increased plasma corticosterone in both sexes; shams had higher corticosterone than controls. In a separate experiment, eggs irradiated during incubation with 2.45 GHz continuous-wave microwaves produced juvenile males that had higher plasma corticosterone after hemorrhage than nonirradiated males, while no irradiation effect was found in females.

Outcomes measured

• Plasma corticosterone after hemorrhage
• Adrenocortical activity response to blood loss

Limitations

• Sample size not reported in abstract
• Exposure duration and dosimetry (e.g., SAR/power density) not reported in abstract
• Animal study; generalizability to humans not addressed

{
    "study_type": "animal",
    "exposure": {
        "band": "microwave",
        "source": "in ovo irradiation during incubation",
        "frequency_mhz": 2450,
        "sar_wkg": null,
        "duration": null
    },
    "population": "Japanese quail (juvenile/sexually immature males and females); eggs irradiated during incubation",
    "sample_size": null,
    "outcomes": [
        "Plasma corticosterone after hemorrhage",
        "Adrenocortical activity response to blood loss"
    ],
    "main_findings": "Hemorrhage increased plasma corticosterone in both sexes; shams had higher corticosterone than controls. In a separate experiment, eggs irradiated during incubation with 2.45 GHz continuous-wave microwaves produced juvenile males that had higher plasma corticosterone after hemorrhage than nonirradiated males, while no irradiation effect was found in females.",
    "effect_direction": "mixed",
    "limitations": [
        "Sample size not reported in abstract",
        "Exposure duration and dosimetry (e.g., SAR/power density) not reported in abstract",
        "Animal study; generalizability to humans not addressed"
    ],
    "evidence_strength": "low",
    "confidence": 0.7399999999999999911182158029987476766109466552734375,
    "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
    "keywords": [
        "Japanese quail",
        "microwave irradiation",
        "2.45 GHz",
        "in ovo",
        "embryogeny",
        "hemorrhage",
        "plasma corticosterone",
        "sex differences",
        "adrenocortical response"
    ],
    "suggested_hubs": []
}

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