Serum enzymes in hemorrhaged Japanese quail after microwave irradiation during embryogeny.

Abstract

1. Japanese quail eggs were exposed to 2.45 GHz continuous wave microwave radiation at an incident power density of 5 mW/cm2 and a specific absorption rate of 4.03 mW/g during the first 12 days of embryogeny. 2. After hatching, serum biochemical changes in response to hemorrhagic stress were measured following a hemorrhage of 30% of the calculated total blood volume. 3. Lactate dehydrogenase, beta-glucuronidase, acid phosphatase, glucose and protein were not affected by microwave irradiation during embryogeny either before or after hemorrhage. 4. Microwave irradiation in ovo affected the response of serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase activity to hemorrhagic stress in Japanese quail.

AI evidence extraction

Main findings

Japanese quail eggs exposed in ovo to 2.45 GHz continuous wave microwaves (5 mW/cm2; SAR 4.03 mW/g) during the first 12 days of embryogeny showed no effects on lactate dehydrogenase, beta-glucuronidase, acid phosphatase, glucose, or protein either before or after a 30% blood-volume hemorrhage after hatching. Microwave irradiation during embryogeny affected the response of serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase activity to hemorrhagic stress.

Outcomes measured

• Serum lactate dehydrogenase
• Serum beta-glucuronidase
• Serum acid phosphatase
• Serum glucose
• Serum protein
• Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) activity response to hemorrhagic stress

Limitations

• Sample size not reported in abstract
• Direction/magnitude of the SGOT response change not described
• Exposure details limited to frequency, power density, SAR, and timing; other dosimetry/temperature control not described in abstract

{
    "study_type": "animal",
    "exposure": {
        "band": "microwave",
        "source": "in ovo exposure (embryogeny)",
        "frequency_mhz": 2450,
        "sar_wkg": 0.004029999999999999728272914722992936731316149234771728515625,
        "duration": "first 12 days of embryogeny"
    },
    "population": "Japanese quail (eggs/embryos; assessed after hatching)",
    "sample_size": null,
    "outcomes": [
        "Serum lactate dehydrogenase",
        "Serum beta-glucuronidase",
        "Serum acid phosphatase",
        "Serum glucose",
        "Serum protein",
        "Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) activity response to hemorrhagic stress"
    ],
    "main_findings": "Japanese quail eggs exposed in ovo to 2.45 GHz continuous wave microwaves (5 mW/cm2; SAR 4.03 mW/g) during the first 12 days of embryogeny showed no effects on lactate dehydrogenase, beta-glucuronidase, acid phosphatase, glucose, or protein either before or after a 30% blood-volume hemorrhage after hatching. Microwave irradiation during embryogeny affected the response of serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase activity to hemorrhagic stress.",
    "effect_direction": "mixed",
    "limitations": [
        "Sample size not reported in abstract",
        "Direction/magnitude of the SGOT response change not described",
        "Exposure details limited to frequency, power density, SAR, and timing; other dosimetry/temperature control not described in abstract"
    ],
    "evidence_strength": "low",
    "confidence": 0.7800000000000000266453525910037569701671600341796875,
    "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
    "keywords": [
        "Japanese quail",
        "embryogeny",
        "in ovo",
        "microwave",
        "2.45 GHz",
        "continuous wave",
        "power density",
        "specific absorption rate",
        "hemorrhage",
        "serum enzymes",
        "SGOT",
        "lactate dehydrogenase"
    ],
    "suggested_hubs": []
}

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