[The effect of ultrahigh frequency electromagnetic fields on the reduction of ferricyanide by human erythrocytes in the presence of methylene blue].

Abstract

Effect of microwave radiation with the frequency of 1000 +/- 10 MHz and specific absorption rate of 220-580 mV/g on the ferricyanide reduction by human red blood cells in the presence of methylene blue (carrier of oxidation-reduction equivalents through the membrane) was studied at different temperatures in the region of 23-34 degrees C. The temperature dependence of the ferricyanide reduction rate in Arrhenius plots shows two sharp "anomalous" sites with apparently negative activation energy at 26-27 and 29-30 degrees C. Broadness and expression of the "anomalous" sites increased with an increase of the blood storage time. The increase of the ferricyanide reduction rate under microwave irradiation was observed only in the temperature regions corresponding to the "anomalous" sites of the temperature dependence.

AI evidence extraction

Main findings

Microwave radiation (1000 ± 10 MHz) increased the ferricyanide reduction rate only at temperature ranges corresponding to two "anomalous" regions in the temperature dependence (26–27°C and 29–30°C). The breadth and expression of these anomalous regions increased with longer blood storage time.

Outcomes measured

• Ferricyanide reduction rate by human erythrocytes in the presence of methylene blue
• Temperature dependence/Arrhenius plot features ("anomalous" sites; apparent negative activation energy)

Limitations

• In vitro study using human erythrocytes; findings may not generalize to in vivo health outcomes
• Sample size not reported in the abstract
• Exposure metric reported as "specific absorption rate of 220–580 mV/g" (units not standard for SAR in W/kg)
• Effect observed only in specific temperature regions; overall effect across 23–34°C not clearly described

{
    "study_type": "in_vitro",
    "exposure": {
        "band": "microwave",
        "source": null,
        "frequency_mhz": 1000,
        "sar_wkg": null,
        "duration": null
    },
    "population": "Human erythrocytes (red blood cells)",
    "sample_size": null,
    "outcomes": [
        "Ferricyanide reduction rate by human erythrocytes in the presence of methylene blue",
        "Temperature dependence/Arrhenius plot features (\"anomalous\" sites; apparent negative activation energy)"
    ],
    "main_findings": "Microwave radiation (1000 ± 10 MHz) increased the ferricyanide reduction rate only at temperature ranges corresponding to two \"anomalous\" regions in the temperature dependence (26–27°C and 29–30°C). The breadth and expression of these anomalous regions increased with longer blood storage time.",
    "effect_direction": "mixed",
    "limitations": [
        "In vitro study using human erythrocytes; findings may not generalize to in vivo health outcomes",
        "Sample size not reported in the abstract",
        "Exposure metric reported as \"specific absorption rate of 220–580 mV/g\" (units not standard for SAR in W/kg)",
        "Effect observed only in specific temperature regions; overall effect across 23–34°C not clearly described"
    ],
    "evidence_strength": "low",
    "confidence": 0.7399999999999999911182158029987476766109466552734375,
    "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
    "keywords": [
        "microwave radiation",
        "ultrahigh frequency",
        "1000 MHz",
        "specific absorption rate",
        "human erythrocytes",
        "red blood cells",
        "ferricyanide reduction",
        "methylene blue",
        "temperature dependence",
        "Arrhenius plot",
        "blood storage time"
    ],
    "suggested_hubs": []
}

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