Microwave and thermal interactions with oxidative hemolysis.

Abstract

The influence of microwave radiation (2450 MHz, 3,333 pulses per second, duty factor of 0.02, and average specific absorption rate of 0.4 W/kg) on spontaneous hemolysis of human erythrocytes was examined. Cells were exposed to microwave radiation for 20 minutes at 37 degrees, 42 degrees, or 48 degrees C. Some of these cells were sensitized to oxidative damage by treatment with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) and/or by coating with wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) conjugate. Microwave radiation significantly decreased spontaneous hemolysis of untreated cells at 42 degrees C but had no effect at 37 degrees or 48 degrees C. Microwave exposure significantly enhanced a CDNB membrane stabilizing effect at 42 degrees C but had no effect at 37 or 48 degrees C. At 42 degrees C, microwave exposure increased hemolysis of WGA-HRP coated cells. Cells treated with both WGA-HRP and CDNB showed no change in fragility at 42 degrees C and increased fragility at 48 degrees C without a microwave effect. The microwave effects observed appear to involve perturbation of the thermal threshold for oxidative hyperthermic hemolysis.

AI evidence extraction

Main findings

Human erythrocytes exposed to 2450 MHz microwave radiation (average SAR 0.4 W/kg) for 20 minutes showed temperature- and condition-dependent effects. Microwave exposure significantly decreased spontaneous hemolysis of untreated cells at 42°C (no effect at 37°C or 48°C), enhanced a CDNB membrane-stabilizing effect at 42°C, increased hemolysis of WGA-HRP coated cells at 42°C, and showed no microwave effect in cells treated with both WGA-HRP and CDNB (with increased fragility at 48°C without a microwave effect).

Outcomes measured

• Spontaneous hemolysis
• Oxidative hyperthermic hemolysis/fragility under sensitization conditions (CDNB; WGA-HRP coating)

Limitations

• In vitro study using isolated human erythrocytes; findings may not generalize to in vivo health outcomes.
• Sample size and replication details not provided in the abstract.
• Multiple experimental conditions and temperatures; effects were not consistent across conditions.

{
    "study_type": "in_vitro",
    "exposure": {
        "band": "microwave",
        "source": null,
        "frequency_mhz": 2450,
        "sar_wkg": 0.40000000000000002220446049250313080847263336181640625,
        "duration": "20 minutes"
    },
    "population": "Human erythrocytes (in vitro)",
    "sample_size": null,
    "outcomes": [
        "Spontaneous hemolysis",
        "Oxidative hyperthermic hemolysis/fragility under sensitization conditions (CDNB; WGA-HRP coating)"
    ],
    "main_findings": "Human erythrocytes exposed to 2450 MHz microwave radiation (average SAR 0.4 W/kg) for 20 minutes showed temperature- and condition-dependent effects. Microwave exposure significantly decreased spontaneous hemolysis of untreated cells at 42°C (no effect at 37°C or 48°C), enhanced a CDNB membrane-stabilizing effect at 42°C, increased hemolysis of WGA-HRP coated cells at 42°C, and showed no microwave effect in cells treated with both WGA-HRP and CDNB (with increased fragility at 48°C without a microwave effect).",
    "effect_direction": "mixed",
    "limitations": [
        "In vitro study using isolated human erythrocytes; findings may not generalize to in vivo health outcomes.",
        "Sample size and replication details not provided in the abstract.",
        "Multiple experimental conditions and temperatures; effects were not consistent across conditions."
    ],
    "evidence_strength": "low",
    "confidence": 0.7399999999999999911182158029987476766109466552734375,
    "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
    "keywords": [
        "microwave radiation",
        "2450 MHz",
        "specific absorption rate",
        "SAR",
        "erythrocytes",
        "hemolysis",
        "oxidative damage",
        "hyperthermia",
        "CDNB",
        "wheat germ agglutinin",
        "horseradish peroxidase"
    ],
    "suggested_hubs": []
}

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