Optimal Voltage for Cranial Electromagnetic Field Stimulation to Modulate Brain Activity.

Abstract

Background The electromagnetic field (EMF) patterns of the animal brain with traumatic brain injury (TBI) can be modulated through EMF stimulation. The implication of EMF stimulation is that it can reverse abnormal EMF brain patterns, and this reversal can translate into facilitating a faster clinical recovery. In this paper, the authors applied escalating dosages of voltage stimulation to find the optimal voltage, one that transforms abnormal EMF patterns to normal EMF patterns in patients with atraumatic and traumatic brain injuries. Methods EMF data of patients greater than 18 years old diagnosed with brain injury from January 2025 to February 2025 were collected using the DAQami software (DATAQ Instruments, Akron, OH) and analyzed in real time using fast Fourier transform (FFT) with the Igor Pro 8 software (Wavemetrics, Inc., Lake Oswego, OR). EMF stimulation via escalating the dosage of voltage at the targeted frequency of interest (FOI), which was selected based on each patient's EMF signal related to the clinical presentations and/or radiographic findings, was applied, and clinical and EMF changes were measured in real time. Results The mean age was 47.1 years in all 10 patients. Mechanisms of injury included spontaneous hypertensive intracranial hemorrhage (one patient) and head trauma after a motor vehicle collision, dirt bike accident, and ground-level fall (nine patients). Radiographic findings included spontaneous basal ganglia hemorrhage (one patient), isolated traumatic subdural hematoma (one patient), traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (one patient), and no intracranial abnormalities (seven patients). Improvement in EMF data was found in two patients after stimulation at 1.0 voltage (V), three patients after stimulation at 3.0 V, one patient after stimulation at 8.0 V, and two patients after stimulation at 10.0 V, and a higher voltage may be needed for two patients with chief complaint of headache and whose EMF data only demonstrated some improvement after stimulation at 10.0 V. Conclusions The modulation of the brain at the optimal frequency and voltage stimulation was correlated with improvements in clinical symptoms and signs. The applied EMF frequency was precisely tailored to the identified EMF brain abnormalities of each patient. The escalating dosage of voltage stimulation was followed in real time until the optimal voltage stimulation, one that transformed abnormal EMF patterns into normal EMF patterns, was found. Modulating the brain this way likely reversed the malfunction of molecular and cellular changes and facilitated the recovery of brain functions.

AI evidence extraction

Main findings

In 10 adult patients with brain injury, EMF data improvement after stimulation was reported in 2 patients at 1.0 V, 3 patients at 3.0 V, 1 patient at 8.0 V, and 2 patients at 10.0 V; 2 patients with headache showed only some improvement after 10.0 V and may have required higher voltage. The authors report that modulation at an individualized frequency of interest and an optimal voltage was correlated with improvements in clinical symptoms/signs and normalization of abnormal EMF patterns.

Outcomes measured

• Changes in brain EMF patterns (FFT/EMF data)
• Clinical symptoms and signs (real-time changes)
• Optimal stimulation voltage to normalize abnormal EMF patterns

Limitations

• Small sample size (n=10)
• Frequency of interest was individualized per patient; specific frequencies not reported
• Study design details (e.g., control/sham, randomization, blinding) not described in the abstract
• Short collection window (January 2025 to February 2025)
• Outcomes described as correlations; quantitative clinical outcome measures not specified

{
    "study_type": "other",
    "exposure": {
        "band": null,
        "source": "cranial electromagnetic field stimulation",
        "frequency_mhz": null,
        "sar_wkg": null,
        "duration": null
    },
    "population": "Adults (>18 years) with atraumatic or traumatic brain injury",
    "sample_size": 10,
    "outcomes": [
        "Changes in brain EMF patterns (FFT/EMF data)",
        "Clinical symptoms and signs (real-time changes)",
        "Optimal stimulation voltage to normalize abnormal EMF patterns"
    ],
    "main_findings": "In 10 adult patients with brain injury, EMF data improvement after stimulation was reported in 2 patients at 1.0 V, 3 patients at 3.0 V, 1 patient at 8.0 V, and 2 patients at 10.0 V; 2 patients with headache showed only some improvement after 10.0 V and may have required higher voltage. The authors report that modulation at an individualized frequency of interest and an optimal voltage was correlated with improvements in clinical symptoms/signs and normalization of abnormal EMF patterns.",
    "effect_direction": "benefit",
    "limitations": [
        "Small sample size (n=10)",
        "Frequency of interest was individualized per patient; specific frequencies not reported",
        "Study design details (e.g., control/sham, randomization, blinding) not described in the abstract",
        "Short collection window (January 2025 to February 2025)",
        "Outcomes described as correlations; quantitative clinical outcome measures not specified"
    ],
    "evidence_strength": "very_low",
    "confidence": 0.7399999999999999911182158029987476766109466552734375,
    "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
    "keywords": [
        "cranial electromagnetic field stimulation",
        "brain injury",
        "traumatic brain injury",
        "intracranial hemorrhage",
        "subdural hematoma",
        "subarachnoid hemorrhage",
        "fast Fourier transform",
        "voltage escalation",
        "frequency of interest"
    ],
    "suggested_hubs": []
}

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