Radiofrequency personal exposimetry during outdoor entertainment of young adults: a case study

Abstract

Radiofrequency personal exposimetry during outdoor entertainment of young adults: a case study Vecsei Z, Szilágyi Z, Thuróczy G. Radiofrequency personal exposimetry during outdoor entertainment of young adults: a case study. Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 2023 May 24;199(8-9):865-871. doi: 10.1093/rpd/ncad087. Abstract Radiofrequency (RF) exposure has grown substantially over time in the public area. Personal dosimetry measurements are intended to estimate how human RF exposure relates to exposure limits that do not pose a health risk. For our case study, an outdoor festival was chosen to assess realistic RF exposure of young adults during their entertainment. Band-selective RF exposure-sorted along 2G-4G uplinks and downlinks, 5G and Wi-Fi bands-was evaluated. Electric field strength data subsets were classified on the basis of activities as well as crowd density. 2G contributed the most to the overall RF exposure. Highest RF exposure was associated with attendance in a concert. In moderately crowded situations, RF exposure was higher than in the most crowded ones. However, the total measured electric field values were higher than in other outdoor environment, but still far below the national and international directives of regulatory RF-EMF exposure limits. Excerpt Of the activities, participation in a concert was associated with the highest RF exposure. The highest exposure levels according to density were found in the medium group. The explanation for that moderately dense situations showed higher RF exposure than crowded ones might be the potential lower RF shadowing compared with the high-density situations (Figure 4). The mean exposure level from UL (uplink) connection is much lower than DL (downlink) communications. The reason may be the different time slots between the above-mentioned two operation modes. However, when measuring UL, the proximity of the human body to the mobile phone and exposure to near-field conditions can significantly influence the results. The exposure during the resting activity shows the typical public exposure in outdoor urban situations (1, 11, 12). pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

AI evidence extraction

Main findings

In this outdoor festival case study, 2G contributed the most to overall measured RF exposure. The highest RF exposure was associated with attending a concert, and moderately crowded situations showed higher RF exposure than the most crowded ones. Total measured electric field values were higher than in other outdoor environments but remained far below national and international regulatory RF-EMF exposure limits.

Outcomes measured

• Personal RF exposure (band-selective)
• Electric field strength by activity and crowd density
• Comparison to national and international RF-EMF exposure limits/directives

Limitations

• Case study design
• Sample size not reported in provided abstract
• Frequencies and quantitative exposure levels not provided in the provided abstract
• Potential influence of near-field conditions during uplink measurements due to phone proximity noted

Suggested hubs

• 5g-policy (0.28)
  Includes evaluation of a 5G band as part of band-selective personal exposimetry.

{
    "study_type": "exposure_assessment",
    "exposure": {
        "band": "RF",
        "source": "outdoor festival; mobile networks (2G-4G uplinks/downlinks, 5G) and Wi‑Fi",
        "frequency_mhz": null,
        "sar_wkg": null,
        "duration": null
    },
    "population": "young adults (outdoor festival attendees)",
    "sample_size": null,
    "outcomes": [
        "Personal RF exposure (band-selective)",
        "Electric field strength by activity and crowd density",
        "Comparison to national and international RF-EMF exposure limits/directives"
    ],
    "main_findings": "In this outdoor festival case study, 2G contributed the most to overall measured RF exposure. The highest RF exposure was associated with attending a concert, and moderately crowded situations showed higher RF exposure than the most crowded ones. Total measured electric field values were higher than in other outdoor environments but remained far below national and international regulatory RF-EMF exposure limits.",
    "effect_direction": "no_effect",
    "limitations": [
        "Case study design",
        "Sample size not reported in provided abstract",
        "Frequencies and quantitative exposure levels not provided in the provided abstract",
        "Potential influence of near-field conditions during uplink measurements due to phone proximity noted"
    ],
    "evidence_strength": "low",
    "confidence": 0.7399999999999999911182158029987476766109466552734375,
    "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
    "keywords": [
        "radiofrequency",
        "personal exposimetry",
        "personal dosimetry",
        "outdoor festival",
        "young adults",
        "2G",
        "3G",
        "4G",
        "5G",
        "Wi-Fi",
        "uplink",
        "downlink",
        "electric field strength",
        "crowd density",
        "concert",
        "exposure limits"
    ],
    "suggested_hubs": [
        {
            "slug": "5g-policy",
            "weight": 0.2800000000000000266453525910037569701671600341796875,
            "reason": "Includes evaluation of a 5G band as part of band-selective personal exposimetry."
        }
    ]
}

Comments

Log in to comment.

No comments yet.