Cellular neoplastic transformation induced by 916 MHz microwave radiation.

Abstract

There has been growing concern about the possibility of adverse health effects resulting from exposure to microwave radiations, such as those emitted by mobile phones. The purpose of this study was to investigate the cellular neoplastic transformation effects of electromagnetic fields. 916 MHz continuous microwave was employed in our study to simulate the electromagnetic radiation of mobile phone. NIH/3T3 cells were adopted in our experiment due to their sensitivity to carcinogen or cancer promoter in environment. They were divided randomly into one control group and three microwave groups. The three microwave groups were exposed to 916 MHz EMF for 2 h per day with power density of 10, 50, and 90 w/m(2), respectively, in which 10 w/m(2) was close to intensity near the antenna of mobile phone. The morphology and proliferation of NIH/3T3 cells were examined and furthermore soft agar culture and animal carcinogenesis assay were carried out to determine the neoplastic promotion. Our experiments showed NIH/3T3 cells changed in morphology and proliferation after 5-8 weeks exposure and formed clone in soft agar culture after another 3-4 weeks depending on the exposure intensity. In the animal carcinogenesis study, lumps developed on the back of SCID mice after being inoculated into exposed NIH/3T3 cells for more than 4 weeks. The results indicate that microwave radiation can promote neoplastic transformation of NIH/3T3cells.

AI evidence extraction

Main findings

NIH/3T3 cells exposed to 916 MHz continuous microwave radiation (2 h/day; 10, 50, or 90 W/m^2) showed changes in morphology and proliferation after 5–8 weeks and formed clones in soft agar after an additional 3–4 weeks depending on exposure intensity. SCID mice inoculated with exposed NIH/3T3 cells developed lumps on the back after more than 4 weeks. The authors conclude the exposure can promote neoplastic transformation of NIH/3T3 cells.

Outcomes measured

• Cell morphology changes
• Cell proliferation changes
• Soft agar colony formation (clones)
• Tumor/lump development in SCID mice after inoculation with exposed cells

Limitations

• Sample size not reported in abstract
• Specific exposure metrics beyond frequency and power density (e.g., SAR) not reported
• Details of randomization, blinding, and statistical analysis not provided in abstract
• In vivo outcome is indirect (mice inoculated with exposed cells rather than whole-body animal exposure)

Suggested hubs

• who-icnirp (0.2)
  Study concerns RF exposure from mobile-phone-like radiation and potential carcinogenic effects, relevant to RF health-risk guidance discussions.

{
    "study_type": "animal",
    "exposure": {
        "band": "RF",
        "source": "mobile phone",
        "frequency_mhz": 916,
        "sar_wkg": null,
        "duration": "2 h/day; cellular exposure for 5–8 weeks (morphology/proliferation changes) plus additional 3–4 weeks (soft agar), depending on intensity"
    },
    "population": "NIH/3T3 cells; SCID mice (inoculated with exposed cells)",
    "sample_size": null,
    "outcomes": [
        "Cell morphology changes",
        "Cell proliferation changes",
        "Soft agar colony formation (clones)",
        "Tumor/lump development in SCID mice after inoculation with exposed cells"
    ],
    "main_findings": "NIH/3T3 cells exposed to 916 MHz continuous microwave radiation (2 h/day; 10, 50, or 90 W/m^2) showed changes in morphology and proliferation after 5–8 weeks and formed clones in soft agar after an additional 3–4 weeks depending on exposure intensity. SCID mice inoculated with exposed NIH/3T3 cells developed lumps on the back after more than 4 weeks. The authors conclude the exposure can promote neoplastic transformation of NIH/3T3 cells.",
    "effect_direction": "harm",
    "limitations": [
        "Sample size not reported in abstract",
        "Specific exposure metrics beyond frequency and power density (e.g., SAR) not reported",
        "Details of randomization, blinding, and statistical analysis not provided in abstract",
        "In vivo outcome is indirect (mice inoculated with exposed cells rather than whole-body animal exposure)"
    ],
    "evidence_strength": "low",
    "confidence": 0.7399999999999999911182158029987476766109466552734375,
    "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
    "keywords": [
        "916 MHz",
        "microwave radiation",
        "RF-EMF",
        "mobile phone simulation",
        "NIH/3T3",
        "neoplastic transformation",
        "soft agar assay",
        "SCID mice",
        "power density"
    ],
    "suggested_hubs": [
        {
            "slug": "who-icnirp",
            "weight": 0.200000000000000011102230246251565404236316680908203125,
            "reason": "Study concerns RF exposure from mobile-phone-like radiation and potential carcinogenic effects, relevant to RF health-risk guidance discussions."
        }
    ]
}

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