Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Field (ELF-EMF) Increases Mitochondrial Electron Transport
Abstract
Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Field (ELF-EMF) Increases Mitochondrial Electron Transport Chain Activities and Ameliorates Depressive Behaviors in Mice Teranishi M, Ito M, Huang Z, Nishiyama Y, Masuda A, Mino H, Tachibana M, Inada T, Ohno K. Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Field (ELF-EMF) Increases Mitochondrial Electron Transport Chain Activities and Ameliorates Depressive Behaviors in Mice. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(20):11315. doi.org Abstract Compromised mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) activities are associated with depression in humans and rodents. However, the effects of the enhancement of mitochondrial ETC activities on depression remain elusive. We recently reported that an extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) of as low as 10 μT induced hormetic activation of mitochondrial ETC complexes in human/mouse cultured cells and mouse livers. Chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) for 10 consecutive days caused behavioral defects mimicking depression in mice, and using an ELF-EMF for two to six weeks ameliorated them. CSDS variably decreased the mitochondrial ETC proteins in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in 10 days, which were increased by an ELF-EMF in six weeks. CSDS had no effect on the mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate in the PFC in 10 days, but using an ELF-EMF for six weeks enhanced it. CSDS inactivated SOD2 by enhancing its acetylation and increased lipid peroxidation in the PFC. In contrast, the ELF-EMF activated the Sirt3-FoxO3a-SOD2 pathway and suppressed lipid peroxidation. Furthermore, CSDS increased markers for mitophagy, which was suppressed by the ELF- EMF in six weeks. The ELF-EMF exerted beneficial hormetic effects on mitochondrial energy production, mitochondrial antioxidation, and mitochondrial dynamics in a mouse model of depression. We envisage that an ELF-EMF is a promising therapeutic option for depression. Open access paper: mdpi.com
AI evidence extraction
Main findings
An ELF-EMF (reported as 10 μT) used for two to six weeks ameliorated CSDS-induced depressive-like behavioral defects in mice. CSDS variably decreased mitochondrial ETC proteins in the PFC, while ELF-EMF exposure for six weeks increased ETC proteins and enhanced mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate. ELF-EMF exposure activated the Sirt3-FoxO3a-SOD2 pathway, suppressed lipid peroxidation, and reduced CSDS-associated increases in mitophagy markers.
Outcomes measured
- Depressive-like behaviors (CSDS-induced behavioral defects; amelioration with ELF-EMF)
- Mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) complex activities
- Mitochondrial ETC protein levels in prefrontal cortex (PFC)
- Mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate in PFC
- SOD2 acetylation/inactivation and Sirt3-FoxO3a-SOD2 pathway activation
- Lipid peroxidation in PFC
- Markers of mitophagy
Limitations
- Sample size not reported in provided abstract/metadata
- ELF-EMF frequency not specified in provided abstract/metadata
- Exposure setup/source details not specified in provided abstract/metadata
- Findings are from a mouse model; human applicability not established in provided abstract
Suggested hubs
-
elf-emf
(0.9) Study investigates extremely low-frequency EMF exposure (10 μT) and biological effects.
-
animal-studies
(0.85) Mouse model (CSDS) with behavioral and mitochondrial outcomes.
View raw extracted JSON
{
"study_type": "animal",
"exposure": {
"band": "ELF",
"source": null,
"frequency_mhz": null,
"sar_wkg": null,
"duration": "two to six weeks (ELF-EMF exposure); CSDS for 10 consecutive days"
},
"population": "Mice (chronic social defeat stress model of depression)",
"sample_size": null,
"outcomes": [
"Depressive-like behaviors (CSDS-induced behavioral defects; amelioration with ELF-EMF)",
"Mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) complex activities",
"Mitochondrial ETC protein levels in prefrontal cortex (PFC)",
"Mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate in PFC",
"SOD2 acetylation/inactivation and Sirt3-FoxO3a-SOD2 pathway activation",
"Lipid peroxidation in PFC",
"Markers of mitophagy"
],
"main_findings": "An ELF-EMF (reported as 10 μT) used for two to six weeks ameliorated CSDS-induced depressive-like behavioral defects in mice. CSDS variably decreased mitochondrial ETC proteins in the PFC, while ELF-EMF exposure for six weeks increased ETC proteins and enhanced mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate. ELF-EMF exposure activated the Sirt3-FoxO3a-SOD2 pathway, suppressed lipid peroxidation, and reduced CSDS-associated increases in mitophagy markers.",
"effect_direction": "benefit",
"limitations": [
"Sample size not reported in provided abstract/metadata",
"ELF-EMF frequency not specified in provided abstract/metadata",
"Exposure setup/source details not specified in provided abstract/metadata",
"Findings are from a mouse model; human applicability not established in provided abstract"
],
"evidence_strength": "low",
"confidence": 0.7399999999999999911182158029987476766109466552734375,
"peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
"keywords": [
"ELF-EMF",
"10 μT",
"mitochondria",
"electron transport chain",
"prefrontal cortex",
"depression",
"chronic social defeat stress",
"oxygen consumption rate",
"SOD2",
"Sirt3",
"FoxO3a",
"lipid peroxidation",
"mitophagy",
"hormesis"
],
"suggested_hubs": [
{
"slug": "elf-emf",
"weight": 0.90000000000000002220446049250313080847263336181640625,
"reason": "Study investigates extremely low-frequency EMF exposure (10 μT) and biological effects."
},
{
"slug": "animal-studies",
"weight": 0.84999999999999997779553950749686919152736663818359375,
"reason": "Mouse model (CSDS) with behavioral and mitochondrial outcomes."
}
]
}
AI can be wrong. Always verify against the paper.
Comments
Log in to comment.
No comments yet.