LED lighting (350-650nm) undermines human visual performance unless supplemented by wider spectra (400-1500nm+) like daylight

Abstract

Life evolved under broad spectrum sunlight, from ultraviolet to infrared (300–2500 nm). This spectrally balanced light sculpted life’s physiology and metabolism. But modern lighting has recently become dominated by restricted spectrum light emitting diodes (350–650 nm LEDs). Absence of longer wavelengths in LEDs and their short wavelength dominance impacts physiology, undermining normal mitochondrial respiration that regulates metabolism, disease and ageing. Mitochondria are light sensitive. The 420–450 nm dominant in LEDs suppresses respiration while deep red/infrared (670–900 nm) increases respiration in aging and some diseases including in blood sugar regulation. Here we supplement LED light with broad spectrum lighting (400–1500 nm+) for 2 weeks and test colour contrast sensitivity. We show significant improvement in this metric that last for 2 months after the supplemental lighting is removed. Mitochondria communicate across the body with systemic impacts following regional light exposure. This likely involves shifting patterns of serum cytokine expression, raising the possibility of wider negative impacts of LEDs on human health particularly, in the elderly or in the clinical environment where individuals are debilitated. Changing the lighting in these environments could be a highly economic route to improved public health.

AI evidence extraction

Main findings

After supplementing restricted-spectrum LED lighting (350–650 nm) with broader-spectrum light (400–1500 nm+) for 2 weeks, colour contrast sensitivity significantly improved, and the improvement reportedly persisted for 2 months after the supplemental lighting was removed.

Outcomes measured

• colour contrast sensitivity
• mitochondrial respiration (discussed mechanistically)
• serum cytokine expression (suggested mechanism)

Limitations

• Study design not stated in abstract (e.g., randomization/blinding/control condition unclear)
• Sample size and participant characteristics (e.g., age/health status) not reported
• Exposure intensity/dose and lighting conditions not quantified in abstract
• Mechanistic claims (mitochondrial respiration, cytokines) are largely presented as rationale/speculation; direct measurements not described

{
    "study_type": "unknown",
    "exposure": {
        "band": "other",
        "source": "LED lighting",
        "frequency_mhz": null,
        "sar_wkg": null,
        "duration": "2 weeks (supplementation); effect reported lasting 2 months after removal"
    },
    "population": "humans (not further specified)",
    "sample_size": null,
    "outcomes": [
        "colour contrast sensitivity",
        "mitochondrial respiration (discussed mechanistically)",
        "serum cytokine expression (suggested mechanism)"
    ],
    "main_findings": "After supplementing restricted-spectrum LED lighting (350–650 nm) with broader-spectrum light (400–1500 nm+) for 2 weeks, colour contrast sensitivity significantly improved, and the improvement reportedly persisted for 2 months after the supplemental lighting was removed.",
    "effect_direction": "harm",
    "limitations": [
        "Study design not stated in abstract (e.g., randomization/blinding/control condition unclear)",
        "Sample size and participant characteristics (e.g., age/health status) not reported",
        "Exposure intensity/dose and lighting conditions not quantified in abstract",
        "Mechanistic claims (mitochondrial respiration, cytokines) are largely presented as rationale/speculation; direct measurements not described"
    ],
    "evidence_strength": "insufficient",
    "confidence": 0.61999999999999999555910790149937383830547332763671875,
    "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
    "keywords": [
        "LED",
        "visible light",
        "broad spectrum lighting",
        "daylight spectrum",
        "colour contrast sensitivity",
        "mitochondria",
        "respiration",
        "infrared",
        "red light",
        "cytokines",
        "ageing"
    ],
    "suggested_hubs": []
}

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