A Low-Sidelobe Fully Metallic Ridge Gap Waveguide Antenna Array for W-Band Applications.

PAPER pubmed Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) 2026 Engineering / measurement Effect: unclear Evidence: Insufficient

Read original paper → DOI: 10.3390/s26020602 PMID: 41600398 Evidence Lab

Abstract

To address the critical demand for high-gain, low-sidelobe, and high-efficiency antennas in W-band arrays, this work presents a low-sidelobe all-metal array antenna based on ridge gap waveguide technology. The design employs a three-layer contactless metal structure, integrating a stepped-ridge feeding network with Taylor amplitude distribution and a higher-order mode resonant cavity. This integration enables efficient power distribution and low-loss transmission while eliminating the need for conventional welding or bonding processes. Measurement results indicate that the antenna exhibits a reflection coefficient below -10 dB across the 92.5-103.5 GHz. The in-band gain exceeds 25.8 dBi with less than 1 dB fluctuation, and the radiation efficiency surpasses 78%. Specifically, the sidelobe levels in both E- and H-planes remain below -17.5 dB, reaching under -19.5 dB at 94 GHz, while cross-polarization is better than -30 dB. The proposed antenna demonstrates high gain, low sidelobe, and high efficiency, showing promising potential for applications in millimeter-wave radar, imaging, and 6G communication systems.

AI evidence extraction

At a glance

Study type

Engineering / measurement

Effect direction

unclear

Population

—

Sample size

—

Exposure

mmWave other

Evidence strength

Insufficient

Confidence: 74% · Peer-reviewed: yes

Main findings

A fully metallic ridge gap waveguide W-band array antenna is presented and measured. Reported measurements include reflection coefficient below -10 dB across 92.5103.5 GHz, in-band gain exceeding 25.8 dBi with <1 dB fluctuation, radiation efficiency >78%, sidelobe levels below -17.5 dB (under -19.5 dB at 94 GHz), and cross-polarization better than -30 dB.

Outcomes measured

Antenna reflection coefficient (S11) bandwidth
In-band antenna gain (dBi) and gain fluctuation
Radiation efficiency (%)
Sidelobe levels (E- and H-planes)
Cross-polarization level

View raw extracted JSON

{
    "study_type": "engineering",
    "exposure": {
        "band": "mmWave",
        "source": "other",
        "frequency_mhz": null,
        "sar_wkg": null,
        "duration": null
    },
    "population": null,
    "sample_size": null,
    "outcomes": [
        "Antenna reflection coefficient (S11) bandwidth",
        "In-band antenna gain (dBi) and gain fluctuation",
        "Radiation efficiency (%)",
        "Sidelobe levels (E- and H-planes)",
        "Cross-polarization level"
    ],
    "main_findings": "A fully metallic ridge gap waveguide W-band array antenna is presented and measured. Reported measurements include reflection coefficient below -10 dB across 92.5103.5 GHz, in-band gain exceeding 25.8 dBi with <1 dB fluctuation, radiation efficiency >78%, sidelobe levels below -17.5 dB (under -19.5 dB at 94 GHz), and cross-polarization better than -30 dB.",
    "effect_direction": "unclear",
    "limitations": [],
    "evidence_strength": "insufficient",
    "confidence": 0.7399999999999999911182158029987476766109466552734375,
    "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
    "keywords": [
        "W-band",
        "millimeter-wave",
        "ridge gap waveguide",
        "antenna array",
        "low sidelobe",
        "high gain",
        "radiation efficiency",
        "6G"
    ],
    "suggested_hubs": []
}

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AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract/metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This content is for informational purposes only and is not medical advice.

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